SUMMARYSuccessful crop production depends initially on the availability of high-quality seed. By 2050 global climate change will have influenced crop yields, but will these changes affect seed quality? The present review examines the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature during seed production on three seed quality components: seed mass, germination and seed vigour.In response to elevated CO2, seed mass has been reported to both increase and decrease in C3plants, but not change in C4plants. Increases are greater in legumes than non-legumes, and there is considerable variation among species. Seed mass increases may result in a decrease of seed nitrogen (N) concentration in non-legumes. Increasing temperature may decrease seed mass because of an accelerated growth rate and reduced seed filling duration, but lower seed mass does not necessarily reduce seed germination or vigour.Like seed mass, reported seed germination responses to elevated CO2have been variable. The reported changes in seed C/N ratio can decrease seed protein content which may eventually lead to reduced viability. Conversely, increased ethylene production may stimulate germination in some species. High-temperature stress before developing seeds reach physiological maturity (PM) can reduce germination by inhibiting the ability of the plant to supply the assimilates necessary to synthesize the storage compounds required for germination.Nothing is known concerning the effects of elevated CO2on seed vigour. However, seed vigour can be reduced by high-temperature stress both before and after PM. High temperatures induce or increase the physiological deterioration of seeds. Limited evidence suggests that only short periods of high-temperature stress at critical seed development stages are required to reduce seed vigour, but further research is required.The predicted environmental changes will lead to losses of seed quality, particularly for seed vigour and possibly germination. The seed industry will need to consider management changes to minimize the risk of this occurring.

中文翻译：

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CO2和温度升高对种子品质的影响

摘要 成功的作物生产最初取决于能否获得优质种子。到 2050 年，全球气候变化将影响作物产量，但这些变化会影响种子质量吗？本综述检查了升高的二氧化碳（CO2) 和种子生产过程中的温度对三个种子质量成分的影响：种子质量、发芽和种子活力。响应升高的 CO2，据报道种子质量在 C 中既增加又减少3植物，但在 C 中没有变化4植物。豆科植物的增长幅度大于非豆科植物，并且物种之间存在相当大的差异。种子质量增加可能导致非豆科植物种子氮 (N) 浓度降低。由于生长速度加快和种子灌浆持续时间缩短，温度升高可能会降低种子质量，但较低的种子质量并不一定会降低种子发芽或活力。与种子质量一样，据报道种子发芽对 CO 升高的反应2已经变了。所报道的种子 C/N 比的变化会降低种子蛋白质含量，最终可能导致活力降低。相反，乙烯产量的增加可能会刺激某些物种的发芽。在种子发育达到生理成熟 (PM) 之前的高温胁迫可以通过抑制植物提供合成发芽所需的储存化合物所必需的同化物的能力来减少发芽。关于升高的 CO 的影响尚不清楚2关于种子活力。然而，PM前后的高温胁迫会降低种子活力。高温诱导或增加种子的生理退化。有限的证据表明，在关键种子发育阶段只需要短时间的高温胁迫来降低种子活力，但需要进一步研究。预测的环境变化将导致种子质量下降，尤其是种子活力和可能的发芽。种子行业将需要考虑管理变革，以尽量减少发生这种情况的风险。