Recent observations on rates of mutation, recombination, and random genetic drift highlight the dramatic ways in which fundamental evolutionary processes vary across the divide between unicellular microbes and multicellular eukaryotes. Moreover, population-genetic theory suggests that the range of variation in these parameters is sufficient to explain the evolutionary diversification of many aspects of genome size and gene structure found among phylogenetic lineages. Most notably, large eukaryotic organisms that experience elevated magnitudes of random genetic drift are susceptible to the passive accumulation of mutationally hazardous DNA that would otherwise be eliminated by efficient selection. Substantial evidence also suggests that variation in the population-genetic environment influences patterns of protein evolution, with the emergence of certain kinds of amino-acid substitutions and protein-protein complexes only being possible in populations with relatively small effective sizes. These observations imply that the ultimate origins of many of the major genomic and proteomic disparities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes and among eukaryotic lineages have been molded as much by intrinsic variation in the genetic and cellular features of species as by external ecological forces.

中文翻译：

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通过随机遗传漂移对真核基因组进行重新模式化。

最近对突变、重组和随机遗传漂移率的观察突出了基本进化过程在单细胞微生物和多细胞真核生物之间差异的戏剧性方式。此外，种群遗传理论表明，这些参数的变异范围足以解释在系统发育谱系中发现的基因组大小和基因结构的许多方面的进化多样化。最值得注意的是，经历了大量随机遗传漂移的大型真核生物容易受到突变危险 DNA 的被动积累，否则这些 DNA 将被有效选择消除。大量证据还表明，种群遗传环境的变异会影响蛋白质进化的模式，随着某些氨基酸取代和蛋白质-蛋白质复合物的出现，只有在有效大小相对较小的群体中才有可能。这些观察结果表明，原核生物和真核生物之间以及真核生物谱系之间的许多主要基因组和蛋白质组差异的最终起源是由物种遗传和细胞特征的内在变异和外部生态力量所塑造的。