The class Dothideomycetes (along with Eurotiomycetes) includes numerous rock-inhabiting fungi (RIF), a group of ascomycetes that tolerates surprisingly well harsh conditions prevailing on rock surfaces. Despite their convergent morphology and physiology, RIF are phylogenetically highly diverse in Dothideomycetes. However, the positions of main groups of RIF in this class remain unclear due to the lack of a strong phylogenetic framework. Moreover, connections between rock-dwelling habit and other lifestyles found in Dothideomycetes such as plant pathogens, saprobes and lichen-forming fungi are still unexplored. Based on multigene phylogenetic analyses, we report that RIF belong to Capnodiales (particularly to the family Teratosphaeriaceae s.l.), Dothideales, Pleosporales, and Myriangiales, as well as some uncharacterised groups with affinities to Dothideomycetes. Moreover, one lineage consisting exclusively of RIF proved to be closely related to Arthoniomycetes, the sister class of Dothideomycetes. The broad phylogenetic amplitude of RIF in Dothideomycetes suggests that total species richness in this class remains underestimated. Composition of some RIF-rich lineages suggests that rock surfaces are reservoirs for plant-associated fungi or saprobes, although other data also agree with rocks as a primary substrate for ancient fungal lineages. According to the current sampling, long distance dispersal seems to be common for RIF. Dothideomycetes lineages comprising lichens also include RIF, suggesting a possible link between rock-dwelling habit and lichenisation.

类座囊菌纲（沿着散囊菌纲）包括许多岩石栖真菌（RIF），一组子囊菌即通行岩石表面容忍出奇的好条件苛刻的。尽管它们的形态和生理学趋同，但 RIF 在Dothideomycetes中的系统发育高度多样化。然而，由于缺乏强大的系统发育框架，该类RIF主要群体的位置仍不清楚。此外，岩石栖息习惯与Dothideomycetes 中发现的其他生活方式之间的联系，如植物病原体、腐烂菌和形成地衣的真菌，仍有待探索。基于多基因系统发育分析，我们报告 RIF 属于Capnodiales（特别是Teratosphaeriaceae sl 科）、Dothideales、Pleosporales和Myriangiales，以及一些与Dothideomycetes有亲缘关系的无特征群体。此外，一个完全由 RIF 组成的谱系被证明与关节菌纲（Dothideomycetes的姊妹类）密切相关。Dothideomycetes中RIF的广泛系统发育幅度表明该类别的总物种丰富度仍然被低估。一些富含 RIF 的谱系的组成表明，岩石表面是植物相关真菌或腐生物的储存库，尽管其他数据也同意岩石是古代真菌谱系的主要基质。根据目前的采样，远距离扩散似乎对 RIF 来说很常见。包含地衣的Dothideomycetes谱系也包括 RIF，这表明岩石栖息习惯和地衣化之间可能存在联系。