Comparative studies of ethnically diverse human populations, particularly in Africa, are important for reconstructing human evolutionary history and for understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic adaptation and complex disease. African populations are characterized by greater levels of genetic diversity, extensive population substructure, and less linkage disequilibrium (LD) among loci compared to non-African populations. Africans also possess a number of genetic adaptations that have evolved in response to diverse climates and diets, as well as exposure to infectious disease. This review summarizes patterns and the evolutionary origins of genetic diversity present in African populations, as well as their implications for the mapping of complex traits, including disease susceptibility.

中文翻译：

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非洲遗传多样性：对人类人口历史、现代人类起源和复杂疾病图谱的影响。

对不同种族人群的比较研究，特别是在非洲，对于重建人类进化历史和理解表型适应和复杂疾病的遗传基础很重要。与非非洲人群相比，非洲人群的特点是更高水平的遗传多样性、广泛的种群亚结构和更少的基因座间连锁不平衡 (LD)。非洲人还拥有许多遗传适应性，这些适应性是为了应对不同的气候和饮食以及接触传染病而进化的。本综述总结了非洲人群中遗传多样性的模式和进化起源，以及它们对绘制复杂特征（包括疾病易感性）的影响。