RNA folding is a remarkably complex problem that involves ion-mediated electrostatic interaction, conformational entropy, base pairing and stacking, and noncanonical interactions. During the past decade, results from a variety of experimental and theoretical studies pointed to (a) the potential ion correlation effect in Mg2+-RNA interactions, (b) the rugged energy landscapes and multistate RNA folding kinetics even for small RNA systems such as hairpins and pseudoknots, (c) the intraloop interactions and sequence-dependent loop free energy, and (d) the strong nonadditivity of chain entropy in RNA pseudoknot and other tertiary folds. Several related issues, which have not been thoroughly resolved, require combined approaches with thermodynamic and kinetic experiments, statistical mechanical modeling, and all-atom computer simulations.

中文翻译：

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RNA 折叠：构象统计、折叠动力学和离子静电。

RNA 折叠是一个非常复杂的问题，涉及离子介导的静电相互作用、构象熵、碱基配对和堆积以及非规范相互作用。在过去的十年中，各种实验和理论研究的结果指出 (a) Mg2+-RNA 相互作用中潜在的离子相关效应，(b) 即使对于小 RNA 系统（如发夹），崎岖的能量景观和多态 RNA 折叠动力学和假结，（c）环内相互作用和序列依赖的环自由能，以及（d）RNA假结和其他三级折叠中链熵的强非可加性。一些尚未彻底解决的相关问题需要结合热力学和动力学实验、统计力学建模和全原子计算机模拟的方法。