Moral emotions represent a key element of our human moral apparatus, influencing the link between moral standards and moral behavior. This chapter reviews current theory and research on moral emotions. We first focus on a triad of negatively valenced "self-conscious" emotions-shame, guilt, and embarrassment. As in previous decades, much research remains focused on shame and guilt. We review current thinking on the distinction between shame and guilt, and the relative advantages and disadvantages of these two moral emotions. Several new areas of research are highlighted: research on the domain-specific phenomenon of body shame, styles of coping with shame, psychobiological aspects of shame, the link between childhood abuse and later proneness to shame, and the phenomena of vicarious or "collective" experiences of shame and guilt. In recent years, the concept of moral emotions has been expanded to include several positive emotions-elevation, gratitude, and the sometimes morally relevant experience of pride. Finally, we discuss briefly a morally relevant emotional process-other-oriented empathy.

中文翻译：

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道德情感和道德行为。


道德情感代表了人类道德机构的关键要素，影响着道德标准和道德行为之间的联系。本章回顾了当前道德情感的理论和研究。我们首先关注三种负价的“自我意识”情绪——羞耻、内疚和尴尬。与过去几十年一样，许多研究仍然集中在羞耻和内疚上。我们回顾了当前对羞耻和内疚之间的区别以及这两种道德情感的相对优缺点的思考。强调了几个新的研究领域：对身体羞耻的特定领域现象的研究，应对羞耻的方式，羞耻的心理生物学方面，童年虐待与后来的羞耻倾向之间的联系，以及替代或“集体”现象羞耻和内疚的经历。近年来，道德情感的概念已经扩展到包括几种积极的情感——提升、感恩，以及有时与道德相关的自豪感。最后，我们简要讨论一种与道德相关的情感过程——以他人为导向的同理心。