The species recognition and identification of aspergilli and their teleomorphs is discussed. A historical overview of the taxonomic concepts starting with the monograph of Raper & Fennell (1965) is given. A list of taxa described since 2000 is provided. Physiological characters, particularly growth rates and the production of extrolites, often show differences that reflect phylogenetic species boundaries and greater emphasis should be placed on extrolite profiles and growth characteristics in species descriptions. Multilocus sequence-based phylogenetic analyses have emerged as the primary tool for inferring phylogenetic species boundaries and relationships within subgenera and sections. A four locus DNA sequence study covering all major lineages in Aspergillus using genealogical concordance theory resulted in a species recognition system that agrees in part with phenotypic studies and reveals the presence of many undescribed species not resolved by phenotype. The use of as much data from as many sources as possible in making taxonomic decisions is advocated. For species identification, DNA barcoding uses a short genetic marker in an organism"s DNA to quickly and easily identify it to a particular species. Partial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequences, which are used for barcoding animal species, were found to have limited value for species identification among black aspergilli. The various possibilities are discussed and at present partial beta-tubulin or calmodulin are the most promising loci for Aspergillus identification. For characterising Aspergillus species one application would be to produce a multilocus phylogeny, with the goal of having a firm understanding of the evolutionary relationships among species across the entire genus. DNA chip technologies are discussed as possibilities for an accurate multilocus barcoding tool for the genus Aspergillus.

中文翻译：

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曲霉属物种识别和鉴定的现状。


讨论了曲霉及其有性形的物种识别和鉴定。从 Raper 和 Fennell (1965) 的专着开始，给出了分类学概念的历史概述。提供了自 2000 年以来描述的分类群列表。生理特征，特别是生长速率和 extrolite 的产生，通常表现出反映系统发育物种边界的差异，并且在物种描述中应更加重视 extrolite 概况和生长特征。基于多位点序列的系统发育分析已成为推断系统发育物种边界以及亚属和科内关系的主要工具。使用谱系一致性理论进行的涵盖曲霉属所有主要谱系的四基因座 DNA 序列研究产生了一个物种识别系统，该系统部分与表型研究一致，并揭示了许多未描述的物种的存在，而表型无法解决。提倡在做出分类决策时使用尽可能多的来源的数据。对于物种鉴定，DNA 条形码使用生物体 DNA 中的短遗传标记来快速、轻松地将其识别为特定物种。用于对动物物种进行条形码编码的部分细胞色素氧化酶亚基 1 序列被发现在以下方面的价值有限：讨论了各种可能性，目前部分β-微管蛋白或钙调蛋白是曲霉属鉴定最有希望的位点，为了表征曲霉属物种，一种应用是产生多位点系统发育，目标是建立一个可靠的系统发育学。了解整个属物种之间的进化关系。 DNA 芯片技术被认为是曲霉属精确多位点条形码工具的可能性。