Transposable elements are mobile genetic units that exhibit broad diversity in their structure and transposition mechanisms. Transposable elements occupy a large fraction of many eukaryotic genomes and their movement and accumulation represent a major force shaping the genes and genomes of almost all organisms. This review focuses on DNA-mediated or class 2 transposons and emphasizes how this class of elements is distinguished from other types of mobile elements in terms of their structure, amplification dynamics, and genomic effect. We provide an up-to-date outlook on the diversity and taxonomic distribution of all major types of DNA transposons in eukaryotes, including Helitrons and Mavericks. We discuss some of the evolutionary forces that influence their maintenance and diversification in various genomic environments. Finally, we highlight how the distinctive biological features of DNA transposons have contributed to shape genome architecture and led to the emergence of genetic innovations in different eukaryotic lineages.

中文翻译：

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DNA 转座子和真核基因组的进化。

转座元件是可移动的遗传单位，在其结构和转座机制上表现出广泛的多样性。转座因子占据了许多真核生物基因组的很大一部分，它们的运动和积累代表了塑造几乎所有生物的基因和基因组的主要力量。本综述重点关注 DNA 介导的或 2 类转座子，并强调此类元件如何在结构、扩增动力学和基因组效应方面与其他类型的移动元件区分开来。我们提供了真核生物中所有主要类型 DNA 转座子的多样性和分类学分布的最新展望，包括 Helitrons 和 Mavericks。我们讨论了一些影响它们在各种基因组环境中维持和多样化的进化力量。最后，