ABSTRACT Climate differences across latitude can result in seasonal constraints and selection on life-history characters. Because Aedes albopictus (Skuse) invaded North America in the mid-1980s, it has spread across a range of ≈14° latitude and populations in the north experience complete adult mortality because of cold winter temperatures that are absent in the south. Life-table experiments were conducted to test for differences in the adult survival and reproductive schedules of Ae. albopictus females from three populations from the northern (Salem, NJ; Springfield, IL; Eureka, MO; ≈39° N) and southern (Palm Beach, Palmetto, Tampa, FL; ≈27–28° N) extremes of the species distribution in North America. There were consistent differences between northern and southern populations in incidence of photoperiodically-induced egg diapause. Under short daylength, diapause eggs constituted twice the proportion of total viable eggs from northern females (81.9–92.1%) than southern females (35.9–42.7%). There were no consistent differences between northern and southern populations in resource allocation between reproduction and maintenance, reproduction over time, and reproductive investment among offspring, and no apparent trade-offs between diapause incidence with reproduction or longevity. Our results suggest that the main response of North American Ae. albopictus to unfavorable winter climates is via the life history strategy of producing diapausing eggs, rather than quantitative variation in reproduction, and that there are no detectable costs to adult survival. Inherent geographic variation in the expression of diapause, consistent with the latitudinal extremes of A. albopictus, indicates evolutionary loss of diapause response in southern populations because of the invasion of A. albopictus in North America.

中文翻译：

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北美入侵性白纹伊蚊（双翅目：蚊科）的光周期滞育的地理变异，但不是成虫存活或繁殖

摘要 跨纬度的气候差异会导致季节性限制和对生活史特征的选择。由于白纹伊蚊 (Skuse) 在 1980 年代中期入侵北美，它已经蔓延到大约 14° 纬度的范围内，并且由于南方没有寒冷的冬季气温，北方的种群经历了完全的成年死亡。进行生命表实验以测试 Ae 成虫存活和繁殖时间表的差异。来自北部（新泽西州塞勒姆；伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德；密苏里州尤里卡；≈39°N）和南部（棕榈滩，帕尔梅托，佛罗里达州坦帕；≈27-28°N）物种分布极端的三个种群的雌性白纹海龟在北美。在光周期诱导的卵滞育发生率上，北方和南方种群之间存在一致的差异。在短日照下，滞育卵占北方雌性（81.9-92.1%）的总活卵比例是南方雌性（35.9-42.7%）的两倍。在繁殖和维持之间的资源分配、随时间的繁殖和后代之间的繁殖投资方面，北方和南方人群之间没有一致的差异，滞育发生率与繁殖或寿命之间没有明显的权衡。我们的结果表明，北美 Ae 的主要反应是。albopictus 对不利的冬季气候的影响是通过生产滞育卵的生活史策略，而不是繁殖的数量变化，并且没有可检测到的成虫生存成本。滞育表达的固有地理变异，与 A. albopictus 的纬度极端一致，