Background Pregnancy is a period associated with major psychological and social changes in the life of a woman and can be associated with anxiety and depression. Aim To describe demographic, clinical and risk profile of antenatal depression among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Blantyre district, Malawi. Setting The study was conducted in eight antenatal clinics in Blantyre district, Malawi. Methods A cross-sectional study of 480 randomly selected pregnant women attending antenatal clinics was conducted. Prevalence was determined using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) which was validated against a sub-sample using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The risk factors of depression were assessed using the Pregnancy Risk Questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Results Prevalence of antenatal depression using the EPDS was 19% (95% CI 15.5% – 22.5%, n = 91) and was comparable to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (25.8% [95% CI = 17.5–34], n = 25). The key risk factors that predicted antenatal depression were: ‘being distressed by anxiety or depression for more than 2 weeks during this pregnancy’ (OR = 4.1 [2.1–7.9], p ≤ 0.001); ‘feeling that a relationship with partner is not an emotionally supportive one’ (OR = 3.5 [1.4–8.4], p = 0.01); ‘having major stresses, changes or losses in the course of this pregnancy’ (OR = 3.2 [1.7–6.2], p = 0.01); ‘feeling that father was critical of her when growing up’ (OR = 3.2 [1.4–7.6], p = 0.01); and ‘having history of feeling miserable or depressed for ≥2 weeks before this pregnancy’ (OR = 2.4 [1.3–4.4], p = 0.01). Conclusion This study confirmed the high-prevalence rate of depression in this group and illustrated that antenatal depression was associated with being distressed by anxiety or depression; support from partner; major stresses during pregnancy; and history of feeling miserable or depressed before pregnancy. This study also found a history of poor relationship between pregnant women and their fathers during childhood.

中文翻译：

---

在马拉维布兰太尔区就诊的妇女抑郁症横断面研究。

背景 怀孕是与女性生活中的重大心理和社会变化相关的时期，并且可能与焦虑和抑郁有关。目的 描述在马拉维布兰太尔区就诊的孕妇中产前抑郁症的人口统计学、临床和风险概况。设置 该研究在马拉维布兰太尔区的八家产前诊所进行。方法 对 480 名在产前诊所随机选择的孕妇进行横断面研究。使用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表 (EPDS) 确定患病率，该量表使用迷你国际神经精神病学访谈针对子样本进行了验证。使用妊娠风险问卷评估抑郁症的危险因素。使用描述性统计分析数据，Pearson 卡方检验和二元逻辑回归。结果 使用 EPDS 的产前抑郁症患病率为 19% (95% CI 15.5% – 22.5%, n = 91)，与迷你国际神经精神病学访谈 (25.8% [95% CI = 17.5–34], n = 25) 相当）。预测产前抑郁的关键风险因素是：“在怀孕期间因焦虑或抑郁而痛苦超过 2 周”（OR = 4.1 [2.1-7.9]，p ≤ 0.001）；“感觉与伴侣的关系不是一种情感支持”（OR = 3.5 [1.4-8.4]，p = 0.01）；“在怀孕期间有重大压力、变化或损失”（OR = 3.2 [1.7-6.2]，p = 0.01）；“感觉父亲在成长过程中批评她”（OR = 3.2 [1.4-7.6]，p = 0.01）；和“在怀孕前 ≥2 周有痛苦或抑郁的病史”（OR = 2.4 [1. 3–4.4]，p = 0.01）。结论 本研究证实了该组抑郁症的高患病率，并说明产前抑郁症与因焦虑或抑郁而苦恼有关；合作伙伴的支持；怀孕期间的主要压力；以及怀孕前感到痛苦或沮丧的历史。这项研究还发现了童年时期孕妇与其父亲关系不佳的历史。