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Trimetaphosphate Activates Prebiotic Peptide Synthesis across a Wide Range of Temperature and pH.
Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s11084-018-9564-7
Izabela Sibilska 1, 2 , Yu Feng 3 , Lingjun Li 3, 4 , John Yin 1, 2
Affiliation  

The biochemical activation of amino acids by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) drives the synthesis of proteins that are essential for all life. On the early Earth, before the emergence of cellular life, the chemical condensation of amino acids to form prebiotic peptides or proteins may have been activated by inorganic polyphosphates, such as tri metaphosphate (TP). Plausible volcanic and other potential sources of TP are known, and TP readily activates amino acids for peptide synthesis. But de novo peptide synthesis also depends on pH, temperature, and processes of solvent drying, which together define a varied range of potential activating conditions. Although we cannot replay the tape of life on Earth, we can examine how activator, temperature, acidity and other conditions may have collectively shaped its prebiotic evolution. Here, reactions of two simple amino acids, glycine and alanine, were tested, with or without TP, over a wide range of temperature (0-100 °C) and acidity (pH 1-12), while open to the atmosphere. After 24 h, products were analyzed by HPLC and mass spectrometry. In the absence of TP, glycine and alanine readily formed peptides under harsh near-boiling temperatures, extremes of pH, and within dry solid residues. In the presence of TP, however, peptides arose over a much wider range of conditions, including ambient temperature, neutral pH, and in water. These results show how polyphosphates such as TP may have enabled the transition of peptide synthesis from harsh to mild early Earth environments, setting the stage for the emergence of more complex prebiotic chemistries.

中文翻译:

磷酸三met酯可在很宽的温度和pH值范围内激活益生元肽的合成。

三磷酸腺苷(ATP)对氨基酸的生物化学活化作用驱动了生命中必不可少的蛋白质合成。在地球早期,在细胞生命出现之前,氨基酸的化学缩合以形成益生元肽或蛋白质可能已被无机多磷酸盐(例如三偏磷酸盐)激活。TP的可能的火山和其他潜在来源是已知的,并且TP容易活化用于肽合成的氨基酸。但是从头肽的合成还取决于pH值,温度和溶剂干燥的过程,它们共同定义了各种范围的潜在活化条件。尽管我们无法重现地球上的生命,但我们可以研究活化剂,温度,酸度和其他条件如何共同影响其益生元的进化。这里,在宽广的温度范围(0-100°C)和酸度(pH 1-12)范围内,测试了两种简单氨基酸(甘氨酸和丙氨酸)在有或没有TP时的反应。24小时后,通过HPLC和质谱分析产物。在没有TP的情况下,甘氨酸和丙氨酸在苛刻的近沸点温度,极端的pH值和干燥的固体残留物中容易形成肽。但是,在存在TP的情况下,肽会在更宽范围的条件(包括环境温度,中性pH和水中)中产生。这些结果表明,多磷酸盐(如TP)如何能够使肽合成从恶劣的地球环境过渡到温和的早期地球环境,从而为更复杂的益生元化学的出现奠定了基础。在宽广的温度(0-100°C)和酸度(pH 1-12)范围内,同时向大气开放。24小时后,通过HPLC和质谱分析产物。在没有TP的情况下,甘氨酸和丙氨酸在苛刻的近沸点温度,极端的pH值和干燥的固体残留物中容易形成肽。然而,在存在TP的情况下,肽的产生范围很广,包括环境温度,中性pH值和水中。这些结果表明,多磷酸盐(如TP)如何能够使肽合成从恶劣的地球环境过渡到温和的早期地球环境,从而为更复杂的益生元化学的出现奠定了基础。在宽广的温度(0-100°C)和酸度(pH 1-12)范围内,同时向大气开放。24小时后,通过HPLC和质谱分析产物。在没有TP的情况下,甘氨酸和丙氨酸在苛刻的近沸点温度,极端的pH值和干燥的固体残留物中容易形成肽。然而,在存在TP的情况下,肽的产生范围很广,包括环境温度,中性pH值和水中。这些结果表明,多磷酸盐(例如TP)​​如何能够使肽合成从恶劣的地球环境过渡到温和的早期地球环境,从而为更复杂的益生元化学的出现奠定了基础。甘氨酸和丙氨酸在苛刻的近沸点温度,极端的pH值和干燥的固体残留物中容易形成肽。然而,在存在TP的情况下,肽的产生范围很广,包括环境温度,中性pH值和水中。这些结果表明,多磷酸盐(如TP)如何能够使肽合成从恶劣的地球环境过渡到温和的早期地球环境,从而为更复杂的益生元化学的出现奠定了基础。甘氨酸和丙氨酸在苛刻的近沸点温度,极端的pH值和干燥的固体残留物中容易形成肽。然而,在存在TP的情况下,肽的产生范围很广,包括环境温度,中性pH值和水中。这些结果表明,多磷酸盐(如TP)如何能够使肽合成从恶劣的地球环境过渡到温和的早期地球环境,从而为更复杂的益生元化学的出现奠定了基础。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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