The complex dynamics of biological systems is primarily driven by molecular interactions that underpin the regulatory networks of cells. These networks typically contain positive and negative feedback loops, which are responsible for switch-like and oscillatory dynamics, respectively. Many computing systems rely on switches and clocks as computational modules. While the combination of such modules in biological systems leads to a variety of dynamical behaviours, it is also driving development of new computing algorithms. Here we present a historical perspective on computation by biological systems, with a focus on switches and clocks, and discuss parallels between biology and computing. We also outline our vision for the future of biological computing.

中文翻译：

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使用生物开关和时钟进行计算。

生物系统的复杂动力学主要由支撑细胞调节网络的分子相互作用驱动。这些网络通常包含正反馈环路和负反馈环路，分别负责开关式和振荡动力学。许多计算系统依赖开关和时钟作为计算模块。虽然生物系统中此类模块的组合会导致各种动态行为，但它也推动了新计算算法的发展。在这里，我们提出了生物系统计算的历史视角，重点关注开关和时钟，并讨论了生物学和计算之间的相似之处。我们还概述了我们对生物计算未来的愿景。