The appropriate function of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells is crucial for the regulation of glucose homeostasis, and its impairment leads to diabetes mellitus, the most common metabolic disorder in man. In addition to glucose, the major nutrient factor, inputs from the nervous system, humoral components, and cell-cell communication within the islet of Langerhans act together to guarantee the release of appropriate amounts of insulin in response to changes in blood glucose levels. Data obtained within the past decade in several laboratories have revitalized controversy over the autocrine feedback action of secreted insulin on beta-cell function. Although insulin historically has been suggested to exert a negative effect on beta-cells, recent data provide evidence for a positive role of insulin in transcription, translation, ion flux, insulin secretion, proliferation, and beta-cell survival. Current insights on the role of insulin on pancreatic beta-cell function are discussed.

中文翻译：

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胰腺β细胞中的胰岛素信号传导。

产生胰岛素的胰岛β细胞的适当功能对于调节葡萄糖稳态是至关重要的，其损害导致糖尿病，这是人类最常见的代谢紊乱。除了葡萄糖外，主要营养因子，神经系统的输入，体液成分以及Langerhans胰岛内的细胞间通讯也共同作用，以确保响应血糖水平的变化而释放适量的胰岛素。在过去的十年中，在几个实验室中获得的数据使有关分泌的胰岛素对β细胞功能的自分泌反馈作用的争论重新活跃起来。尽管历史上一直有人建议胰岛素会对β细胞产生负面影响，但最近的数据为胰岛素在转录，翻译，离子通量，胰岛素分泌，增殖和β细胞存活。讨论了有关胰岛素对胰腺β细胞功能的作用的最新见解。