The purpose of this study was to characterize rat adipose-derived stem cells, induce adipose-derived stem cell tenogenesis, and analyze adipose-derived stem cell effects on tendon repair in vivo. Adipose-derived stem cells demonstrated an immunomodulatory, pro-angiogenic, and pro-proliferatory profile in vitro. Tenogenesis was induced for 1, 7, 14, and 21 days with 24 combinations of growth differentiation factor-5, 6, and 7 and platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Adipose-derived stem cells expression of scleraxis and collagen type I increased the most after 14 days of induction with growth differentiation factor-6 and platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Achilles excision defects injected with hydrogel alone (Gp2), with undifferentiated (Gp3) adipose-derived stem cells, or tenogenically differentiated (Gp4) adipose-derived stem cells exhibited improved tissue repair compared with untreated tendons (Gp1). Addition of adipose-derived stem cells improved tissue cytoarchitecture and increased expression of collagen type I and III, scleraxis, and tenomodulin. Adipose-derived stem cells significantly improved biomechanical properties (ultimate load and elastic toughness) over time more than hydrogel alone, while tenogenically differentiated adipose-derived stem cells improved the mean histological score and collagen fiber dispersion range closest to normal tendon. In addition, tendon sections treated with GFP-adipose-derived stem cells exhibited green fluorescence and positive GFP immunostaining on microscopy confirming the in vivo survival of adipose-derived stem cells that were injected into tendon defects to support the effects of adipose-derived stem cells on tissue up to 4.5 weeks post injury.

中文翻译：

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肌腱分化的脂肪来源的干细胞在体内跟腱修复中有效。

这项研究的目的是表征大鼠脂肪干细胞，诱导脂肪干细胞腱形成，并分析脂肪干细胞在体内对肌腱修复的作用。脂肪干细胞在体外具有免疫调节，促血管生成和促增殖作用。用24种生长分化因子5、6和7与血小板衍生生长因子BB的组合诱导肌腱形成1、7、14和21天。用生长分化因子-6和血小板衍生的生长因子-BB诱导14天后，硬化和I型胶原的脂肪干细胞表达增加最多。仅用水凝胶（Gp2）和未分化（Gp3）脂肪来源的干细胞注射的跟腱切除缺陷，与未经处理的肌腱（Gp1）相比，Tenous或Tenogenally分化（Gp4）脂肪干细胞表现出改善的组织修复。脂肪干细胞的添加改善了组织的细胞结构，并增加了I型和III型胶原蛋白的表达，硬化和Tenomodulin。随着时间的推移，脂肪干细胞比单独的水凝胶显着改善了生物力学性能（最终的载荷和弹性韧性），而腱分化的脂肪干细胞则改善了平均组织学评分和胶原纤维分散范围，最接近正常肌腱。此外，