Electrochemically gas-evolving systems are utilized in alkaline water electrolysis, hydrogen production, and many other applications. To design and optimize these systems, high-fidelity models must account for electron-transfer, chemical reactions, thermodynamics, electrode porosity, and hydrodynamics as well as the interconnectedness of these phenomena. Further complicating these models is the production and presence of bubbles. Bubble nucleation naturally occurs due to the chemical reactions and impacts the reaction rate. Modeling bubble growth requires an accurate accounting of interfacial mass transfer. When the bubble becomes large, detachment occurs and the system is modeled as a two-phase flow where the bubbles can then impact material transport in the bulk. In this paper, we review the governing mathematical models of the physicochemical life cycle of a bubble in an electrolytic medium from a multiscale, multiphysics viewpoint. For each phase of the bubble life cycle, the prevailing mathematical formulations are reviewed and compared with particular attention paid to physicochemical processes and the impact the bubble. Through the review of a broad range of models, we provide a compilation of the current state of bubble modeling in electrochemically gas-evolving systems.

中文翻译：

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编辑推荐——批判性评论——电化学气体演化系统的数学公式

电化学放气系统用于碱性水电解、制氢和许多其他应用。为了设计和优化这些系统，高保真模型必须考虑到电子转移、化学反应、热力学、电极孔隙率和流体力学以及这些现象的相互联系。使这些模型进一步复杂化的是气泡的产生和存在。由于化学反应，气泡成核自然发生并影响反应速率。模拟气泡增长需要准确计算界面传质。当气泡变大时，会发生分离，系统被建模为两相流，其中气泡会影响散装中的材料传输。在本文中，我们从多尺度、多物理场的角度回顾了电解介质中气泡物理化学生命周期的主要数学模型。对于气泡生命周期的每个阶段，审查和比较流行的数学公式，并特别关注物理化学过程和气泡的影响。通过对广泛模型的审查，我们提供了电化学气体演化系统中气泡建模的当前状态的汇编。