Background

Since 1990, every 5 years, moss sampling is conducted within the European moss monitoring programme to assess the atmospheric deposition of airborne pollutants. Besides many other countries, Germany takes regularly part at these evaluations. Within the European moss monitoring 2015, more than 400 moss samples across Germany were taken according to a harmonized methodology for the assessment heavy metal and nitrogen input. In a pilot programme, eight of these sites were chosen for additional investigations on a broad range of organic contaminants to evaluate their accumulation in moss and thereby their presence in atmospheric deposition in Germany. Target compound classes comprised polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and –furans (PCDD/F), dioxin-like and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB, ndl-PCB), polyfluorinated alkyl substances, classical flame retardants as well as emerging chlorinated and brominated flame retardants. In total, 120 target compounds were analysed. For some analytes, comparisons of accumulation in moss and tree leave samples were possible.

Results

Except for certain flame retardants, PFAS, and ndl-PCB, substances of all other compound classes could be quantified in moss samples of all sites. Concentrations were highest for PAH (40–268 ng g⁻¹) followed by emerging flame retardants (0.5–7.7 ng g⁻¹), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE; 0.3–3.7 ng g⁻¹), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD; 0.3–1.2 ng g⁻¹), dl-PCB (0.04–0.4 ng g⁻¹) and PCDD/F (0.008–0.06 ng g⁻¹).

Conclusions

Results show the widespread atmospheric distribution and deposition of organic contaminants across Germany as well as the suitability of moss as bioaccumulation monitor for most of these compound classes. Compared to nearby tree leaf samples, accumulation potential of moss appeared to be higher for pollutants of high octanol–air partition coefficient (K_OA) and octanol–water partition coefficient (K_OW).

中文翻译：

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（持续）德国的有机污染物：2015 年苔藓调查中一项试点研究的结果。

背景

自 1990 年以来，欧洲苔藓监测计划每 5 年进行一次苔藓采样，以评估空气污染物的大气沉积情况。除了许多其他国家之外，德国也定期参加这些评估。在 2015 年欧洲苔藓监测中，根据评估重金属和氮输入的统一方法，在德国各地采集了 400 多个苔藓样本。在一项试点计划中，选择了其中八个地点对各种有机污染物进行额外调查，以评估它们在苔藓中的积累，从而评估它们在德国大气沉积中的存在情况。目标化合物类别包括多环芳烃 (PAH)、多氯二苯并二恶英和呋喃 (PCDD/F)、二恶英类和非二恶英类多氯联苯 (dl-PCB、ndl-PCB)、多氟烷基物质、经典阻燃剂以及新兴的氯化和溴化阻燃剂。总共分析了 120 种目标化合物。对于某些分析物，可以比较苔藓和树叶样品中的积累。

结果

除了某些阻燃剂、PFAS 和 ndl-PCB 之外，所有其他化合物类别的物质都可以在所有地点的苔藓样本中进行定量。PAH 的浓度最高（40–268 ng g ⁻¹），其次是新兴阻燃剂（0.5–7.7 ng g ⁻¹）、多溴二苯醚（PBDE；0.3–3.7 ng g ⁻¹）、六溴环十二烷（HBCD；0.3– 1.2 ng g ⁻¹ )、dl-PCB (0.04–0.4 ng g ⁻¹ ) 和 PCDD/F (0.008–0.06 ng g ⁻¹ )。

结论

结果显示了德国各地有机污染物的广泛大气分布和沉积，以及苔藓作为大多数此类化合物的生物累积监测器的适用性。_{与附近的树叶样本相比，苔藓对高辛醇-空气分配系数（K OA}）和辛醇-水分配系数（K _OW ）污染物的积累潜力似乎更高。