Firearms account for a substantial proportion of external causes of death, injury, and disability across the world. Legislation to regulate firearms has often been passed with the intent of reducing problems related to their use. However, lack of clarity around which interventions are effective remains a major challenge for policy development. Aiming to meet this challenge, we systematically reviewed studies exploring the associations between firearm-related laws and firearm homicides, suicides, and unintentional injuries/deaths. We restricted our search to studies published from 1950 to 2014. Evidence from 130 studies in 10 countries suggests that in certain nations the simultaneous implementation of laws targeting multiple firearms restrictions is associated with reductions in firearm deaths. Laws restricting the purchase of (e.g., background checks) and access to (e.g., safer storage) firearms are also associated with lower rates of intimate partner homicides and firearm unintentional deaths in children, respectively. Limitations of studies include challenges inherent to their ecological design, their execution, and the lack of robustness of findings to model specifications. High quality research on the association between the implementation or repeal of firearm legislation (rather than the evaluation of existing laws) and firearm injuries would lead to a better understanding of what interventions are likely to work given local contexts. This information is key to move this field forward and for the development of effective policies that may counteract the burden that firearm injuries pose on populations.

中文翻译：

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我们对枪支立法与枪支相关伤害之间的联系了解多少？

枪支在全世界导致死亡、受伤和残疾的外部原因中占很大比例。管制枪支的立法往往旨在减少与其使用相关的问题。然而，缺乏明确哪些干预措施有效仍然是政策制定的主要挑战。为了应对这一挑战，我们系统地回顾了探索枪支相关法律与枪支凶杀、自杀和意外伤害/死亡之间关系的研究。我们将搜索范围限制在 1950 年至 2014 年期间发表的研究。来自 10 个国家的 130 项研究的证据表明，在某些国家，同时实施针对多种枪支限制的法律与枪支死亡人数的减少有关。限制购买（例如，背景调查）和使用（例如，更安全储存）枪支的法律也分别与儿童亲密伴侣凶杀率和枪支意外死亡率较低有关。研究的局限性包括其生态设计、执行所固有的挑战，以及研究结果对模型规范缺乏稳健性。关于枪支立法的实施或废除（而不是评估现有法律）与枪支伤害之间关系的高质量研究将有助于更好地了解在当地情况下哪些干预措施可能有效。这些信息对于推动这一领域的发展以及制定有效的政策来减轻枪伤对民众造成的负担至关重要。