The Netherlands has traditionally been considered an iconic ‘unitary’ rental housing market in which social and private sectors directly compete. More recently however, this unitary market has been undermined by changes in the status of housing associations, the privatization of social housing stock and the promotion of home ownership. It has subsequently been suggested that the Netherlands is drifting toward a ‘dualist’ system in which social and private sectors are critically unequal. This paper takes on this claim, providing, on the one hand, palpable evidence of the waning influence of the unitary housing system in the Netherlands and, on the other, a deeper examination of processes of dualisation as well as the outcomes. We focus on Amsterdam, where housing privatization has been most intense. We specifically draw on a geospatial analysis of changing tenure distributions at the neighbourhood level as well as a household analysis of the shifting profile of tenants and home owners to show how the unitary rental market, which helped establish Amsterdam as an iconic ‘just city’, has been unraveling. We demonstrate the relevance of the unitary/dualist model to understanding contemporary urban processes, especially those featuring social and economic polarization.

中文翻译：

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阿姆斯特丹单一租赁系统的瓦解。

传统上，荷兰被认为是社会和私营部门直接竞争的标志性“统一”租赁住房市场。然而，最近，住房协会的地位变化，社会住房存量的私有化和住房所有权的促进破坏了这个单一市场。随后有人提出，荷兰正朝着“二元论”制度过渡，在该制度中，社会和私营部门极不平等。本文基于这一主张，一方面提供了明显的证据，证明了荷兰统一住房制度的影响力正在减弱，另一方面，它提供了对双重化进程及其结果的更深入研究。我们关注阿姆斯特丹，那里的住房私有化最为激烈。我们专门利用地理空间分析来分析社区水平上权属分布的变化，以及对租户和房主的变化情况进行家庭分析，以显示统一的租赁市场如何帮助建立了阿姆斯特丹的标志性“正义城市”，一直在瓦解。我们证明了统一/二元模型对理解当代城市进程，特别是那些具有社会和经济两极分化的进程的相关性。