The concept of One Health (OH) promotes the decompartmentalisation of human, animal, and ecosystem health for the more efficient and sustainable governance of complex health issues. This means that traditional boundaries between disciplines and sectors must be transgressed and that all relevant stakeholders must be involved in the definition and management of health problems. International efforts have been made to strengthen collaboration across sectors and disciplines and OH surveillance is strongly encouraged at global, national and local-level to efficiently manage hazards involving humans, animals and ecosystems. This concept is intuitively appealing and would suggest the enhanced performance and cost-effectiveness of surveillance systems, as compared to more conventional approaches. Nevertheless, confusion and uncertainty regarding the practical application, outcomes and impacts prevail. We believe that this is due to the lack of a conceptual and methodological framework which would (i) define the characteristics of OH surveillance, and (ii) identify the appropriate mechanisms for inter-sectoral and multi-disciplinary collaboration, to ensure that the surveillance system performs well, with regard to the objective, the context and the health hazard under surveillance. The objective of the study is to define the organisational and functional characteristics of OH surveillance systems, the context in which they are implemented, as well as the influential factors which may obstruct or support their implementation and performance. To achieve this, a systematic literature review of existing OH surveillance systems was conducted using the Prisma guidelines. The selected systems were assessed according to 38 predetermined variables. These allowed the characterisation of their objectives, organisation, functioning, performance and benefits. Data extraction was conducted using a spreadsheet and a database was built using an electronic multiple-choice questionnaire. The literature search identified a total of 1635 records. After the screening phase, 31 references were kept and 22 additional references retrieved from bibliographies were added. From these 53 selected documents, we retrieved 41 different surveillance systems in line with the definition proposed in this study. The analysis of this database enabled the identification of different dimensions and areas of collaboration. Barriers and levers for the implementation of OH surveillance systems were also identified and discussed. Based on our results, we propose a framework to characterise the organisation of collaboration for the governance and operation of an effective OH surveillance system.

中文翻译：

---

一个健康监测系统的特征：系统的文献综述。

“单一健康”（OH）的概念促进了人类，动物和生态系统健康的分解，以更有效和可持续地管理复杂的健康问题。这意味着必须突破学科和部门之间的传统界限，并且所有相关利益相关者必须参与健康问题的定义和管理。已经做出国际努力以加强跨部门和学科的合作，并且强烈鼓励在全球，国家和地方各级进行OH监测，以有效管理涉及人类，动物和生态系统的危害。与更常规的方法相比，此概念直观上很有吸引力，并且将建议监视系统的性能和成本效益得到提高。不过，在实际应用，结果和影响方面存在混乱和不确定性。我们认为，这是由于缺乏概念和方法框架，该框架将（i）定义OH监视的特征，并且（ii）确定跨部门和多学科合作的适当机制，以确保监视该系统在监测的目标，背景和健康危害方面表现良好。该研究的目的是定义OH监视系统的组织和功能特征，实施它们的环境以及可能阻碍或支持其实施和性能的影响因素。为了达成这个，使用Prisma指南对现有OH监测系统进行了系统的文献综述。根据38个预定变量评估所选系统。这些可以表征其目标，组织，职能，绩效和收益。使用电子表格进行数据提取，并使用电子多项选择调查表建立数据库。文献检索共发现1635条记录。在筛选阶段之后，保留了31个参考文献，并添加了从书目中检索到的22个其他参考文献。从这53份选定的文件中，我们根据本研究提出的定义检索了41种不同的监视系统。通过对该数据库的分析，可以确定合作的不同维度和领域。还确定并讨论了实施OH监控系统的障碍和杠杆。根据我们的结果，我们提出了一个框架来表征协作组织的特征，以管理和管理有效的OH监控系统。