Methodological development and clinical application of joint models of longitudinal and time-to-event outcomes have grown substantially over the past two decades. However, much of this research has concentrated on a single longitudinal outcome and a single event time outcome. In clinical and public health research, patients who are followed up over time may often experience multiple, recurrent, or a succession of clinical events. Models that utilise such multivariate event time outcomes are quite valuable in clinical decision-making. We comprehensively review the literature for implementation of joint models involving more than a single event time per subject. We consider the distributional and modelling assumptions, including the association structure, estimation approaches, software implementations, and clinical applications. Research into this area is proving highly promising, but to-date remains in its infancy.

中文翻译：

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具有多个事件时间结果的纵向和事件时间数据的联合模型：回顾。

在过去的二十年里，纵向和事件发生时间结果的联合模型的方法学开发和临床应用有了长足的发展。然而，大部分研究都集中在单个纵向结果和单个事件时间结果上。在临床和公共卫生研究中，长期随访的患者可能经常会经历多次、复发或连续的临床事件。利用此类多变量事件时间结果的模型在临床决策中非常有价值。我们全面回顾了实施涉及每个主题多个事件时间的联合模型的文献。我们考虑分布和建模假设，包括关联结构、估计方法、软件实现和临床应用。