Scar endometriosis, also referred to as abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE), is a rare form of endometriosis that usually develops in the scar after obstetric or gynecological surgeries, including cesarean section (CS). Recently, the occurrence of scar endometriosis has been increasing together with the increase of CS incidence. Scar endometriosis can be clinically misdiagnosed as hernia, lipoma, or hematoma. Here we retrospectively analyzed the clinical aspects of scar endometriosis and surgical approach in 14 patients from a tertiary hospital, who were treated by surgery, between 2012 and 2017. The mean age was 32.71 ± 8.61 years (range: 19-45). Palpable mass and cyclic pain at the scar site were the most common complaints. Twelve patients had previously undergone CS, and two patients had undergone a surgery of ovarian endometrioma. The preoperative diagnosis was determined with ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT). Preoperatively, scar endometriosis was diagnosed in 12/14 patients (85.7%), while 2 patients (14.3%) were diagnosed with inguinal hernia. The treatment was surgical excision in all patients; in addition, mesh repair surgery was performed in 1 patient with recurrent scar endometriosis. Postoperatively, endometriosis was confirmed by histology in all patients. The average size of endometriomas was 24.71 ± 6.67 mm (range: 11-35). No woman had concurrent pelvic endometriosis. In the follow-up period (mean: 9 months) the recurrence of endometriosis was not observed. Scar endometriosis should be considered in all women of reproductive age presenting with cyclic pain and swelling in their abdominal incision sites.

中文翻译：

---

疤痕子宫内膜异位症的临床特征和手术方法：14 名女性的病例系列。

疤痕子宫内膜异位症，也称为腹壁子宫内膜异位症 (AWE)，是一种罕见的子宫内膜异位症，通常在产科或妇科手术（包括剖腹产手术 (CS)）后在疤痕中形成。近年来，随着CS发病率的增加，疤痕子宫内膜异位症的发生率也随之增加。疤痕子宫内膜异位症在临床上可能被误诊为疝气、脂肪瘤或血肿。我们回顾性分析了2012年至2017年某三级医院接受手术治疗的14例疤痕子宫内膜异位症的临床情况和手术入路。平均年龄为32.71±8.61岁（范围：19-45）。最常见的症状是疤痕部位可触及的肿块和周期性疼痛。12 名患者之前接受过 CS，两名患者接受过卵巢子宫内膜异位症手术。术前诊断通过超声检查 (US)、磁共振成像 (MRI) 或计算机断层扫描 (CT) 确定。术前12/14例（85.7%）诊断为疤痕子宫内膜异位症，2例（14.3%）诊断为腹股沟疝。所有患者的治疗均为手术切除；此外，1名患有复发性疤痕子宫内膜异位症的患者接受了网片修复手术。术后，所有患者均经组织学证实患有子宫内膜异位症。子宫内膜异位瘤的平均大小为 24.71 ± 6.67 mm（范围：11-35）。没有女性同时患有盆腔子宫内膜异位症。随访期间（平均9个月）未观察到子宫内膜异位症复发。所有出现腹部切口部位周期性疼痛和肿胀的育龄妇女都应考虑疤痕子宫内膜异位症。