Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has had an illustrious history for more than 100 years, dating to Beijerinck's description of the mosaic disease of tobacco as a contagium vivum fluidum and the modern usage of the word "virus." Since then, TMV has been acknowledged as a preferred didactic model and a symbolic model to illuminate the essential features that define a virus. TMV additionally emerged as a prototypic model to investigate the biology of host plants, namely tobacco. TMV also exemplifies how a model system furthers novel, and often unexpected, developments in biology and virology. Today, TMV is used as a tool to study host-pathogen interactions and cellular trafficking, and as a technology to express valuable pharmaceutical proteins in tobacco. The history of TMV illustrates how pragmatic strategies to control an economically important disease of tobacco have had unexpected and transforming effects across platforms that impinge on plant health and public health.

中文翻译：

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烟草花叶病毒：植物生物学的模型系统。


烟草花叶病毒 (TMV) 已有 100 多年的辉煌历史，可以追溯到 Beijerinck 将烟草花叶病描述为一种传染性液体液体，以及“病毒”一词的现代用法。从那时起，TMV 被公认为首选的教学模型和象征性模型，以阐明定义病毒的基本特征。 TMV 还作为研究宿主植物（即烟草）生物学的原型模型出现。 TMV 还举例说明了模型系统如何推动生物学和病毒学领域新颖且常常出人意料的发展。如今，TMV 被用作研究宿主-病原体相互作用和细胞运输的工具，并作为在烟草中表达有价值的药用蛋白质的技术。 TMV 的历史说明了控制烟草这种经济上重要疾病的务实策略如何在影响植物健康和公共卫生的平台上产生意想不到的变革性影响。