Valvular heart disease is a life-threatening disease that afflicts millions of people worldwide and leads to approximately 250,000 valve repairs and/or replacements each year. Malfunction of a native valve impairs its efficient fluid mechanic/hemodynamic performance. Artificial heart valves have been used since 1960 to replace diseased native valves and have saved millions of lives. Unfortunately, despite four decades of use, these devices are less than ideal and lead to many complications. Many of these complications/problems are directly related to the fluid mechanics associated with the various mechanical and bioprosthetic valve designs. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art experimental and computational fluid mechanics of native and prosthetic heart valves in current clinical use. The fluid dynamic performance characteristics of caged-ball, tilting-disc, bileaflet mechanical valves and porcine and pericardial stented and nonstented bioprostheic valves are reviewed. Other issues related to heart valve performance, such as biomaterials, solid mechanics, tissue mechanics, and durability, are not addressed in this review.

中文翻译：

---

心脏瓣膜的流体力学。

瓣膜性心脏病是一种威胁生命的疾病，全世界有数百万人受其折磨，每年导致大约25万例瓣膜修复和/或更换。天然阀门的故障会削弱其有效的流体力学/血液动力学性能。自1960年以来，人造心脏瓣膜已用于替代患病的天然瓣膜，并挽救了数百万条生命。不幸的是，尽管使用了四十年，但这些设备仍不理想，并导致许多并发症。这些并发症/问题中的许多与与各种机械和生物人工瓣膜设计相关的流体力学直接相关。这篇综述着重于当前临床使用中天然和人工心脏瓣膜的最新实验和计算流体力学。笼球，倾斜盘，双叶机械瓣膜和猪和心包膜支架和非支架生物修复瓣膜的流体动力学性能特点进行了审查。与心脏瓣膜性能有关的其他问题，例如生物材料，固体力学，组织力学和耐用性，未在本评价中解决。