With their relatively simple nervous systems and purpose-designed behaviors and reflexes, insects are an excellent organism in which to investigate how visual information is acquired and processed to guide locomotion and navigation. Flies maintain a straight course and monitor their motion through the environment by sensing the patterns of optic flow induced in the eyes. Bees negotiate narrow gaps by balancing the speeds of the images in their two eyes, and they control flight speed by holding constant the average image velocity as seen with their two eyes. Bees achieve a smooth landing on a horizontal surface by holding the image velocity of the surface constant during approach, thus ensuring that flight speed is automatically close to zero at touchdown. Foraging bees estimate the distance that they have traveled to reach a food source by integrating the optic flow experienced en route; this integration gives them a visually driven "odometer." Insects have also evolved sophisticated visuomotor mechanisms for pursuing prey or mates and possibly for concealing their own motion while shadowing objects of interest.

中文翻译：

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昆虫中的视觉运动计算。

昆虫具有相对简单的神经系统以及专门设计的行为和反射功能，是一种极好的有机体，可以用来研究如何获取和处理视觉信息以指导运动和导航。苍蝇保持直行，并通过感应在眼睛中感应到的光流模式来监视它们在整个环境中的运动。蜜蜂通过平衡两只眼睛的图像速度来协商狭窄的间隙，并且它们通过保持两只眼睛看到的平均图像速度恒定来控制飞行速度。蜜蜂通过在进近过程中保持表面的图像速度恒定来实现在水平表面上的平稳着陆，从而确保着陆时的飞行速度自动接近零。觅食蜜蜂通过整合途中经历的光流来估计蜜蜂到达食物源的距离；这种集成为他们提供了视觉驱动的“里程表”。昆虫还发展了复杂的视觉运动机制，以追捕猎物或伴侣，并可能在遮蔽感兴趣的物体时隐藏自身的运动。