The cerebellum is an evolutionarily conserved structure critical for motor learning in vertebrates. The model that has influenced much of the work in the field for the past 30 years suggests that motor learning is mediated by a single plasticity mechanism in the cerebellum: long-term depression (LTD) of parallel fiber synapses onto Purkinje cells. However, recent studies of simple behaviors such as the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) indicate that multiple plasticity mechanisms contribute to cerebellum-dependent learning. Multiple plasticity mechanisms may provide the flexibility required to store memories over different timescales, regulate the dynamics of movement, and allow bidirectional changes in movement amplitude. These plasticity mechanisms must act in combination with appropriate information-coding strategies to equip motor-learning systems with the ability to express learning in correct contexts. Studies of the patterns of generalization of motor learning in the VOR provide insight about the coding of information in neurons at sites of plasticity. These principles emerging from studies of the VOR are consistent with results concerning more complex behaviors and thus may reflect general principles of cerebellar function.

中文翻译：

---

小脑依赖的学习：多种可塑性机制的作用。

小脑是一种进化上保守的结构，对脊椎动物的运动学习至关重要。在过去的30年中，影响该领域大部分工作的模型表明，运动学习是由小脑中的单个可塑性机制介导的：平行纤维突触向普肯野细胞的长期抑制（LTD）。但是，最近对简单行为如前庭眼反射（VOR）的研究表明，多种可塑性机制有助于小脑依赖性学习。多种可塑性机制可以提供在不同时间范围内存储内存，调节运动动态并允许运动幅度双向变化所需的灵活性。这些可塑性机制必须与适当的信息编码策略结合使用，以使运动学习系统能够在正确的环境中表达学习。对VOR中运动学习普遍化模式的研究提供了关于可塑性部位神经元信息编码的见解。从VOR研究中得出的这些原理与关于更复杂行为的结果一致，因此可能反映了小脑功能的一般原理。