Epidemiological and clinical studies have established that the n-6 fatty acid, linoleic acid (LA), and the n-3 fatty acids, linolenic acid (LNA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) collectively protect against coronary heart disease (CHD). LA is the major dietary fatty acid regulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C metabolism by downregulating LDL-C production and enhancing its clearance. Further, the available mass of LA is a critical factor determining the hyperlipemic effects of other dietary fat components, such as saturated and trans fatty acids, as well as cholesterol. By contrast, n-3 fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA, are potent antiarryhthmic agents. EPA and DHA also improve vascular endothelial function and help lower blood pressure, platelet sensitivity, and the serum triglyceride level. The distinct functions of these two families make the balance between dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids an important consideration influencing cardiovascular health. Based on published literature describing practical dietary intakes, we suggest that consumption of ~6% en LA, 0.75% en LNA, and 0.25% en EPA + DHA represents adequate and achievable intakes for most healthy adults. This corresponds to an n-6/n-3 ratio of ~6:1. However, the absolute mass of essential fatty acids consumed, rather than their n-6/n-3 ratio, should be the first consideration when contemplating lifelong dietary habits affecting cardiovascular benefit from their intake.

中文翻译：

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饮食中n-6和n-3脂肪酸的平衡与心血管健康。

流行病学和临床研究已经确定，n-6脂肪酸，亚油酸（LA）和n-3脂肪酸，亚麻酸（LNA），二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）共同预防冠状动脉疾病心脏病（CHD）。LA是通过下调LDL-C产量并提高其清除率来调节低密度脂蛋白（LDL）-C代谢的主要饮食脂肪酸。此外，LA的可用质量是决定其他饮食脂肪成分（例如饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸以及胆固醇）的高脂血症作用的关键因素。相反，n-3脂肪酸，尤其是EPA和DHA，是有效的抗心律失常药。EPA和DHA还可以改善血管内皮功能，并有助于降低血压，血小板敏感性和血清甘油三酯水平。这两个家族的独特功能使膳食中的n-6和n-3脂肪酸之间的平衡成为影响心血管健康的重要考虑因素。根据公开的描述实际饮食摄入量的文献，我们建议对大多数健康成年人来说，摄入约6％的LA，en含量的0.75％的LNA和0.25％的EPA + DHA的摄入量足够。这对应于约6：1的n-6 / n-3比。然而，在考虑终身饮食习惯影响其摄入的心血管益处时，应首先考虑消耗的必需脂肪酸的绝对质量而不是其n-6 / n-3比例。我们建议，对于大多数健康成年人来说，大约6％的LA摄入量，0.75％的LNA和0.25％的EPA + DHA摄入量足以摄入。这对应于约6：1的n-6 / n-3比。但是，在考虑终身饮食习惯影响摄入量对心血管的益处时，应首先考虑消耗的必需脂肪酸的绝对质量而不是其n-6 / n-3比例。我们建议，对于大多数健康成年人来说，大约6％的LA摄入量，0.75％的LNA和0.25％的EPA + DHA摄入量足以摄入。这对应于约6：1的n-6 / n-3比。然而，在考虑终身饮食习惯影响摄入量对心血管的益处时，应首先考虑消耗的必需脂肪酸的绝对质量而不是其n-6 / n-3比例。