More than one million Americans were expected to be diagnosed with cancer in 2003 (7a). Compelling experimental, epidemiological, and clinical evidence indicates that many cancers are preventable, especially because diet and nutrition are key factors in the modulation of cancer risk. The road to nutritional intervention in cancer prevention has led to successful trials as well as trials that did not reach their intended endpoints. This chapter reviews four case studies of trials, with two ending in success and two ending in null findings or adverse effects. The goal is to identify lessons learned from all four case studies and from the investigations of the complexities inherent to nutritional intervention trials. Additional insights are presented by the research addressing potential mechanisms underlying the endpoints of human trials. Future progress in nutrition and cancer prevention will require expertise from multidisciplinary teams to develop new knowledge about specific nutrients and dietary modifications within a framework of interaction between animal and human research.

中文翻译：

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营养与癌症预防：人类试验的多学科视角。

预计2003年将有超过100万美国人被诊断出患有癌症（7a）。令人信服的实验，流行病学和临床证据表明，许多癌症是可以预防的，尤其是因为饮食和营养是调节癌症风险的关键因素。营养干预预防癌症的道路已导致成功的试验以及未达到预期终点的试验。本章回顾了四个案例研究，其中两个成功结束，两个以无效发现或不利影响结束。目的是确定从所有四个案例研究以及营养干预试验固有的复杂性研究中汲取的经验教训。该研究针对人类试验终点的潜在机制提出了其他见解。