The evolution of disease management programs for deciduous fruit trees in the United States over the past 50 years has been influenced by factors that include public concern over pesticide residues on fruit and in the environment, the development of resistance of many important tree pathogens to fungicides and bactericides, the loss of fungicide registrations and restrictions on their use due to concern for human health and the environment and/or marketing decisions by the manufacturers, and changes in cultural practices and marketing objectives. These factors have led to wider use of forecasting models and cultural controls, the development of resistance management strategies, and the introduction of new equipment and methods for pesticide application. These same factors will most likely continue to drive the fruit industry to adopt disease management programs that rely less on pesticides in the future.

中文翻译：

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改变控制落叶果树病的方法。

在过去的50年中，美国落叶果树疾病管理计划的发展受到多种因素的影响，这些因素包括公众对水果和环境中农药残留的关注，许多重要树木病原体对杀菌剂的抗性和杀菌剂，杀真菌剂注册的丢失以及由于对人类健康和环境的关注以及制造商的营销决定而导致的杀真菌剂使用限制，以及文化习俗和营销目标的变化。这些因素导致了预报模型和文化控制的广泛使用，耐药性管理策略的发展以及农药施用新设备和方法的引入。