Fungicides continue to be essential for the effective control of plant diseases. New classes of fungicides with novel modes of action are being developed in the 1990s. These include the strobilurins, phenylpyrroles, anilinopyrimidines, phenoxyquinolines, and compounds that trigger defense mechanisms in the plant. For the foreseeable future, new toxophores will be identified through a process of random screening, with natural products representing a rich source of fungicide leads. Progress is being made in the development of high-throughput screens comprised of target enzyme sites or cell-based assays; these techniques will improve the probability of discovery. Following the identification of suitable leads, biorational design is used to optimize specific properties. In vivo glasshouse screens and field trials are expected to remain the dominant methods for characterizing new compounds. Low toxicity to humans and wildlife, low environmental impact, low residues in food, and compatibility with integrated pest management (IPM) programs are increasingly important considerations in the selection of fungicides for development.

中文翻译：

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杀菌剂开发的原理和观点。

杀菌剂对于有效控制植物疾病仍然是必不可少的。具有新颖作用方式的新型杀真菌剂在1990年代被开发出来。其中包括嗜球果伞菌素，苯基吡咯，苯胺嘧啶，苯氧基喹啉和触发植物防御机制的化合物。在可预见的将来，将通过随机筛选过程鉴定出新的毒素，其天然产物代表了丰富的杀菌剂潜在来源。由目标酶位点或基于细胞的测定组成的高通量筛选的开发正在取得进展；这些技术将提高发现的可能性。在确定合适的导线后，采用生物理性设计来优化特定特性。体内玻璃幕和现场试验有望成为表征新化合物的主要方法。对人类和野生生物的低毒，对环境的影响小，食品中的残留物少以及与病虫害综合治理（IPM）计划的兼容性，在选择要开发的杀菌剂时越来越重要。