It has been a decade since a novel form of microtubule (MT)-based motility, i.e., intraflagellar transport (IFT), was discovered in Chlamydomonas flagella. Subsequent research has supported the hypothesis that IFT is required for the assembly and maintenance of all cilia and flagella and that its underlying mechanism involves the transport of nonmembrane-bound macromolecular protein complexes (IFT particles) along axonemal MTs beneath the ciliary membrane. IFT requires the action of the anterograde kinesin-II motors and the retrograde IFT-dynein motors to transport IFT particles in opposite directions along the MT polymer lattice from the basal body to the tip of the axoneme and back again. A rich diversity of biological processes has been shown to depend upon IFT, including flagellar length control, cell swimming, mating and feeding, photoreception, animal development, sensory perception, chemosensory behavior, and lifespan control. These processes reflect the varied roles of cilia and flagella in motility and sensory signaling.

中文翻译：

---

鞭毛内运输。

自从在鞭毛衣藻中发现了一种新的基于微管（MT）的运动形式，即鞭毛内运输（IFT）以来已有十年了。随后的研究支持了以下假设：所有纤毛和鞭毛的组装和维护都需要IFT，其潜在机制涉及非膜结合的大分子蛋白质复合物（IFT颗粒）沿着睫状膜下方的轴突MT的运输。IFT需要顺行的驱动蛋白II马达和逆行的IFT-动力蛋白马达的作用，以沿着MT聚合物晶格相反的方向将IFT颗粒从基体传输到轴突尖端，然后再返回。研究表明，多种生物过程都取决于IFT，包括鞭毛长度控制，细胞游动，交配和喂养，光接收，动物发育，感觉知觉，化学感觉行为和寿命控制。这些过程反映了纤毛和鞭毛在运动和感觉信号中的不同作用。