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Tetraspanin proteins mediate cellular penetration, invasion, and fusion events and define a novel type of membrane microdomain.
Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology ( IF 11.3 ) Pub Date : 2003-10-23 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.19.111301.153609
Martin E Hemler 1
Affiliation  

This review summarizes key aspects of tetraspanin proteins, with a focus on the functional relevance and structural features of these proteins and how they are organized into a novel type of membrane microdomain. Despite the size of the tetraspanin family and their abundance and wide distribution over many cell types, most have not been studied. However, from studies of prototype tetraspanins, information regarding functions, cell biology, and structural organization has begun to emerge. Genetic evidence points to critical roles for tetraspanins on oocytes during fertilization, in fungi during leaf invasion, in Drosophila embryos during neuromuscular synapse formation, during T and B lymphocyte activation, in brain function, and in retinal degeneration. From structure and mutagenesis studies, we are beginning to understand functional subregions within tetraspanins, as well as the levels of connections among tetraspanins and their many associated proteins. Tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) are emerging as entities physically and functionally distinct from lipid rafts. These microdomains now provide a context in which to evaluate tetraspanins in the regulation of growth factor signaling and in the modulation of integrin-mediated post-cell adhesion events. Finally, the enrichment of tetraspanins within secreted vesicles called exosomes, coupled with hints that tetraspanins may regulate vesicle fusion and/or fission, suggests exciting new directions for future research.

中文翻译:

四跨膜蛋白介导细胞渗透,侵袭和融合事件,并定义了一种新型的膜微区。

这篇综述总结了四跨膜蛋白的关键方面,重点是这些蛋白的功能相关性和结构特征,以及它们如何组织成新型的膜微区。尽管四跨素家族的大小及其在许多细胞类型中的丰度和广泛分布,但大多数都尚未进行研究。然而,从原型四跨膜蛋白的研究中,有关功能,细胞生物学和结构组织的信息已经开始出现。遗传证据表明,四跨素在受精卵母细胞,叶侵袭真菌,果蝇胚胎,神经肌肉突触形成,果蝇T和B淋巴细胞活化,脑功能以及视网膜变性中起关键作用。根据结构和诱变研究,我们开始了解四跨膜蛋白中的功能性子区域,以及四跨膜蛋白及其许多相关蛋白之间的连接水平。富含四跨素的微区(TEM)的出现在物理和功能上都不同于脂质筏。这些微结构域现在提供了一个背景,可在其中评估四跨膜蛋白在调节生长因子信号传导和调节整联蛋白介导的细胞后粘附事件中的作用。最后,四跨膜蛋白在称为外泌体的分泌囊泡中的富集,以及暗示四跨膜蛋白可能调节囊泡融合和/或裂变的迹象,为未来的研究提供了令人振奋的新方向。富含四跨素的微区(TEM)的出现在物理和功能上都不同于脂质筏。这些微结构域现在提供了一个背景,可在其中评估四跨膜蛋白在调节生长因子信号传导和调节整联蛋白介导的细胞后粘附事件中的作用。最后,四跨膜蛋白在称为外泌体的分泌囊泡中的富集,以及暗示四跨膜蛋白可能调节囊泡融合和/或裂变的迹象,为未来的研究提供了令人振奋的新方向。富含四跨素的微区(TEM)的出现在物理和功能上都不同于脂质筏。这些微结构域现在提供了一个背景,可在其中评估四跨膜蛋白在调节生长因子信号传导和调节整联蛋白介导的细胞后粘附事件中的作用。最后,四跨膜蛋白在称为外泌体的分泌囊泡中的富集,以及暗示四跨膜蛋白可能调节囊泡融合和/或裂变的迹象,为未来的研究提供了令人振奋的新方向。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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