Flowering is one of the most intensively studied processes in plant development. Despite the wide diversity in floral forms, flowers have a simple stereotypical architecture. Flowers develop from florally determined meristems. These small populations of cells proliferate to form the floral organs, including the sterile outer organs, the sepals and petals, and the inner reproductive organs, the stamens and carpels. In the past decade, analyses of key flowering genes have been carried out primarily in Arabidopsis and have provided a foundation for understanding the underlying molecular genetic mechanisms controlling different aspects of floral development. Such studies have illuminated the transcriptional cascades responsible for the regulation of these key genes, as well as how these genes effect their functions. In turn, these studies have resulted in the refinement of the original ideas of how flowers develop and have indicated the gaps in our knowledge that need to be addressed.

中文翻译：

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花的发育：启动，分化和多样化。

开花是植物发育中研究最深入的过程之一。尽管花卉形式多样，但花卉具有简单的定型建筑。花由确定的分生组织发育而成。这些小细胞群增殖形成花器官，包括不育的外部器官，萼片和花瓣以及内部生殖器官，雄蕊和心皮。在过去的十年中，主要在拟南芥中进行了关键开花基因的分析，并为理解控制花卉发育不同方面的潜在分子遗传机制提供了基础。此类研究阐明了负责这些关键基因调控以及这些基因如何影响其功能的转录级联反应。反过来，