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Anthrax toxin.
Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2003-10-23 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.19.111301.140655
R John Collier 1 , John A T Young
Affiliation  

Anthrax toxin consists of three nontoxic proteins that associate in binary or ternary combinations to form toxic complexes at the surface of mammalian cells. One of these proteins, protective antigen (PA), transports the other two, edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF), to the cytosol. LF is a Zn2+-protease that cleaves certain MAP kinase kinases, leading to death of the host via a poorly defined sequence of events. EF, a calmodulin- and Ca2+-dependent adenylate cyclase, is responsible for the edema seen in the disease. Both enzymes are believed to benefit the bacteria by inhibiting cells of the host's innate immune system. Assembly of toxic complexes begins after PA binds to cellular receptors and is cleaved into two fragments by furin proteases. The smaller fragment dissociates, allowing the receptor-bound fragment, PA63 (63 kDa), to self-associate and form a ring-shaped, heptameric pore precursor (prepore). The prepore binds up to three molecules of EF and/or LF, and the resulting complexes are endocytosed and trafficked to an acidic compartment. There, the prepore converts to a transmembrane pore, mediating translocation of EF and LF to the cytosol. Recent studies have revealed (a) the identity of receptors; (b) crystallographic structures of the three toxin proteins and the heptameric PA63 prepore; and (c) information about toxin assembly, entry, and action within the cytosol. Knowledge of the structure and mode of action of the toxin has unveiled potential applications in medicine, including approaches to treating anthrax infections.

中文翻译:

炭疽毒素。

炭疽毒素由三种无毒蛋白质组成,它们以二元或三元组合结合,在哺乳动物细胞表面形成有毒的复合物。这些蛋白质之一是保护性抗原(PA),将水肿因子(EF)和致死因子(LF)的另外两种转运到细胞质中。LF是一种Zn2 +蛋白酶,可裂解某些MAP激酶激酶,通过事件序列的定义不当导致宿主死亡。EF是一种钙调蛋白依赖性和Ca2 +依赖性腺苷酸环化酶,可导致该疾病中出现的水肿。据信这两种酶都可以通过抑制宿主先天免疫系统的细胞来使细菌受益。PA与细胞受体结合后,有毒复合物开始组装,并被弗林蛋白酶分解为两个片段。较小的片段解离,从而使受体结合片段PA63(63 kDa)自缔合并形成环形七聚体孔前体(前孔)。前孔最多结合三个分子的EF和/或LF,然后将所得复合物内吞并转运至酸性区室。在那里,前孔转化为跨膜孔,介导EF和LF向细胞质的易位。最近的研究表明:(a)受体的身份;(b)三种毒素蛋白和七聚体PA63前孔的晶体结构;(c)有关毒素在细胞质中的组装,进入和作用的信息。有关毒素的结构和作用方式的知识揭示了其在医学中的潜在应用,包括治疗炭疽感染的方法。然后将所得的复合物内吞并转运至酸性区室。在那里,前孔转化为跨膜孔,介导EF和LF向细胞质的易位。最近的研究表明:(a)受体的身份;(b)三种毒素蛋白和七聚体PA63前孔的晶体结构;(c)有关毒素在细胞质中的组装,进入和作用的信息。有关毒素的结构和作用方式的知识揭示了其在医学中的潜在应用,包括治疗炭疽感染的方法。然后将所得的复合物内吞并转运至酸性区室。在那里,前孔转化为跨膜孔,介导EF和LF向细胞质的易位。最近的研究表明:(a)受体的身份;(b)三种毒素蛋白和七聚体PA63前孔的晶体结构;(c)有关毒素在细胞质中的组装,进入和作用的信息。有关毒素的结构和作用方式的知识揭示了其在医学中的潜在应用,包括治疗炭疽感染的方法。(b)三种毒素蛋白和七聚体PA63前孔的晶体结构;(c)有关毒素在细胞质中的组装,进入和作用的信息。有关毒素的结构和作用方式的知识揭示了其在医学中的潜在应用,包括治疗炭疽感染的方法。(b)三种毒素蛋白和七聚体PA63前孔的晶体结构;(c)有关毒素在细胞质中的组装,进入和作用的信息。有关毒素的结构和作用方式的知识揭示了其在医学中的潜在应用,包括治疗炭疽感染的方法。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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