Nerve regeneration is a complex biological phenomenon. In the peripheral nervous system, nerves can regenerate on their own if injuries are small. Larger injuries must be surgically treated, typically with nerve grafts harvested from elsewhere in the body. Spinal cord injury is more complicated, as there are factors in the body that inhibit repair. Unfortunately, a solution to completely repair spinal cord injury has not been found. Thus, bioengineering strategies for the peripheral nervous system are focused on alternatives to the nerve graft, whereas efforts for spinal cord injury are focused on creating a permissive environment for regeneration. Fortunately, recent advances in neuroscience, cell culture, genetic techniques, and biomaterials provide optimism for new treatments for nerve injuries. This article reviews the nervous system physiology, the factors that are critical for nerve repair, and the current approaches that are being explored to aid peripheral nerve regeneration and spinal cord repair.

中文翻译：

---

神经组织工程：修复和再生策略。

神经再生是一种复杂的生物学现象。在周围神经系统中，如果损伤很小，神经可以自行再生。较大的损伤必须通过手术治疗，通常使用从身体其他部位收获的神经移植物进行治疗。脊髓损伤更为复杂，因为人体内某些因素会抑制修复。不幸的是，尚未找到完全修复脊髓损伤的解决方案。因此，针对周围神经系统的生物工程策略侧重于替代神经移植物，而针对脊髓损伤的努力侧重于创造允许的再生环境。幸运的是，神经科学，细胞培养，遗传技术和生物材料方面的最新进展为神经损伤的新疗法带来了乐观。