The dimorphic and intrinsically asymmetric bacterium Caulobacter crescentus has become an important model organism to study the bacterial cell cycle, cell polarity, and polar differentiation. A multifaceted regulatory network orchestrates the precise coordination between the development of polar organelles and the cell cycle. One master response regulator, CtrA, directly controls the initiation of chromosome replication as well as several aspects of polar morphogenesis and cell division. CtrA activity is temporally and spatially regulated by multiple partially redundant control mechanisms, such as transcription, phosphorylation, and targeted proteolysis. A multicomponent signal transduction network upstream CtrA, containing histidine kinases CckA, PleC, DivJ, and DivL and the essential response regulator DivK, contributes to the control of CtrA activity in response to cell cycle and developmental cues. An intriguing feature of this signaling network is the dynamic cell cycle-dependent polar localization of its components, which is believed to have a novel regulatory function.

中文翻译：

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新月形杆菌的分化和细胞周期进程的时空控制。

双态和本质上不对称的新月形细菌已经成为研究细菌细胞周期，细胞极性和极性分化的重要模型生物。多元化的监管网络可协调极性细胞器的发育与细胞周期之间的精确协调。一个主要的响应调节器CtrA直接控制染色体复制的启动以及极性形态发生和细胞分裂的多个方面。CtrA活性在时间和空间上受到多种部分冗余控制机制的调控，例如转录，磷酸化和靶向蛋白水解。一个多组分信号转导网络，位于CtrA上游，其中包含组氨酸激酶CckA，PleC，DivJ和DivL，以及基本的反应调节因子DivK，响应于细胞周期和发育线索，有助于控制CtrA活性。该信号网络的一个引人入胜的特征是其组件的动态细胞周期依赖性极性定位，据信具有新颖的调节功能。