Because the plant epidermis is readily accessible and consists of few cell types on most organs, the epidermis has become a well-studied model for cell differentiation and cell patterning in plants. Recent advances in our understanding of the development of three epidermal cell types, trichomes, root hairs, and stomata, allow a comparison of the underlying patterning mechanisms. In Arabidopsis, trichome development and root epidermal patterning use a common mechanism involving closely related cell fate transcription factors and a similar lateral inhibition signaling pathway. Yet the resulting patterns differ substantially, primarily due to the influence of a prepattern derived from subepidermal cortical cells in root epidermal patterning. Stomatal patterning uses a contrasting mechanism based primarily on control of the orientation of cell divisions that also involves an inhibitory signaling pathway. This review focuses on comparing and contrasting these patterning pathways to identify and illustrate general themes that may be broadly applicable to other systems. Where these pathways occur in the same tissue, interaction and competition between these pathways is also discussed.

中文翻译：

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如何知道他们长大后想做什么？拟南芥表皮模式的经验教训

由于植物表皮很容易接近，并且在大多数器官上由少数细胞类型组成，因此表皮已成为植物细胞分化和细胞图案化的充分研究模型。我们对三种表皮细胞类型、毛状体、根毛和气孔发育的理解的最新进展，可以比较潜在的模式机制。在拟南芥中，毛状体发育和根表皮模式使用共同的机制，涉及密切相关的细胞命运转录因子和类似的侧抑制信号通路。然而，产生的模式有很大不同，主要是由于根表皮模式中源自表皮下皮层细胞的预模式的影响。气孔模式使用的对比机制主要基于对细胞分裂方向的控制，该机制还涉及抑制性信号通路。本综述侧重于比较和对比这些模式化途径，以识别和说明可能广泛适用于其他系统的一般主题。当这些通路出现在同一组织中时，还讨论了这些通路之间的相互作用和竞争。