Historically, Nepal has demonstrated a "great turnabout" trend, in which initial immigration from the lowland areas to the mountains has been replaced by accelerating migration from the hills to the plains. The reason for this reversal has been a rapid growth in population within the confines of limited availability of potentially cultivable land. Given Nepal's slow economic development, the overwhelming majority of increases in population have to be accommodated within the agricultural sector, on which 83% of Nepal's households are dependent. Fundamental land use issues in Nepal include rapid achievement of the final limit of land suitability for cultivation and the speed at which land can be brought into cultivation. The Government of Nepal has developed the objectives of increased food production to provide a satisfactory diet for the population, increased per capita income, improved regional balance in income and development, conservation of natural resources such as land and forests, and overall development of the economy through income generation, export earnings, and release of agricultural labor to other sectors. 3 perspective studies have identified a number of policies and programs that could bring Nepal closer to these goals. These studies analyzed potential land use development, agricultural production, and food availability by the year 2005. Most essential is the need to intensify land use not only in crop agriculture, but also grasslands and forest use. Land must be allocated to uses that represent the most productive use of that land without being degrading. Technologies are available for land use in each of the main types of uses--crop agriculture, livestock, and forests--that can provide protection against land degradation. Finally, irrigation is a key element in raising agricultural output. Close cooperation between the government and the people is crucial for the success of the task of finding a balance between population growth and its demand for services of the land.

中文翻译：

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尼泊尔的人口增长和土地利用：“大转变”。

从历史上看，尼泊尔表现出“大转变”趋势，从低地地区到山区的最初移民已被从山上到平原的加速移民所取代。发生这种逆转的原因是，在潜在耕地有限的范围内，人口迅速增长。鉴于尼泊尔经济发展缓慢，人口增长的绝大部分必须由农业部门解决，尼泊尔83％的家庭都依赖农业。尼泊尔的基本土地使用问题包括迅速达到对耕地的土地适宜性的最终极限以及耕种土地的速度。尼泊尔政府已制定了以下目标：增加粮食产量，为人民提供令人满意的饮食，增加人均收入，改善收入与发展之间的区域平衡，保护土地和森林等自然资源，以及经济的总体发展通过创收，出口收入和向其他部门释放农业劳动力。3项观点研究确定了一些政策和计划，可以使尼泊尔更加接近这些目标。这些研究分析了到2005年潜在的土地利用发展，农业生产和粮食供应情况。最重要的是不仅需要加强土地利用，不仅用于农作物农业，还应加强草地和森林的利用。必须将土地分配给代表该土地最有生产意义的用途的用途，而又不要使其退化。每种主要用途（作物农业，牲畜和森林）都可以使用土地技术，这些技术可以防止土地退化。最后，灌溉是提高农业产量的关键因素。政府和人民之间的密切合作对于在人口增长与其对土地服务的需求之间寻求平衡的任务的成功至关重要。