The chapter describes some personal reminiscences of various stages in the growth of knowledge of the mouse genome in the past 50 years. Initially mapping was done by crossing new mutants with linkage testing stocks, a slow and laborious method. In the 1950s major mutagenesis experiments led to spin-offs in terms of new mutants, new knowledge of phenomena including sex determination and X-chromosome inactivation, and further understanding of the t-complex. The 1970s saw the development of recombinant inbred (RI) strains and the use of biochemical variants for mapping. In addition the linkage groups were assigned to chromosomes. Techniques of embryo surgery were developed, leading to work with embryonic stem (ES) cells and hence to the identification of gene functioning by knockouts and transgenesis. Another major advance in the 1970s and 1980s was the beginning of comparative mapping, which is now so important. With the advent of DNA technology, progress in mapping increased considerably. Progress became even faster with the use of interspecific backcrosses and with the development of microsatellite markers. The completion of the mouse DNA sequence is now imminent, opening fascinating prospects for the analysis of gene function.

中文翻译：

---

小鼠基因组的个人历史。

本章描述了过去50年中小鼠基因组知识增长各个阶段的一些个人回忆。最初的作图是通过使新突变体与连锁测试种群杂交而完成的，这是一种缓慢而费力的方法。在1950年代，主要的诱变实验导致了新突变体，新现象的新知识（包括性别确定和X染色体失活）以及对t-复合物的进一步了解，产生了附带利益。1970年代，重组近交（RI）菌株得到了发展，并使用了生化变体作图。另外，将连锁群分配给染色体。开发了胚胎外科手术技术，从而可以处理胚胎干（ES）细胞，从而鉴定出基因敲除和转基因功能。1970年代和1980年代的另一项重大进步是比较绘图的开始，现在它是如此重要。随着DNA技术的出现，作图的进展大大增加。随着种间回交的使用和微卫星标记的发展，进展甚至更快。小鼠DNA序列的完成现在迫在眉睫，为分析基因功能打开了令人着迷的前景。