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Alcohol extracts of Echinacea inhibit production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by macrophages in vitro.
Food and Agricultural Immunology ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2007-09-01 , DOI: 10.1080/09540100701797363
Zili Zhai 1 , Devon Haney , Lankun Wu , Avery Solco , Patricia A Murphy , Eve S Wurtele , Marian L Kohut , Joan E Cunnick
Affiliation  

It has been suggested that Echinacea has anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. Nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1beta are important mediators in the inflammatory response. The effect of alcohol extracts of E. angustifolia (EA), E. pallida (EPA) and E. purpurea (EP) on the production of these inflammatory mediators in both LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro and murine peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) in vivo were investigated. As macrophages produce these inflammatory mediators in response to pathogenic infection, parallel cultures of macrophages were studied for phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Salmonella enterica. EPA and EP in vitro inhibited NO production and TNF-α release in a dose-dependent manner. RAW 264.7 cells treated with EA or EP showed decreased killing over 24 h, although EA enhanced bacterial phagocytosis. Upon bacterial infection, RAW 264.7 cells produce high levels of NO; however, an Echinacea-mediated decrease in NO production was observed. Echinacea alcohol extracts administered orally at 130 mg/kg per day for seven days had a weak effect on NO production and phagocytosis by LPS-stimulated PECs. The results indicated that all Echinacea species significantly decreased inflammatory mediators in vitro, however, only EA and EP reduced bacterial killing. Oral administration of Echinacea alcohol extracts did not adversely affect the development and anti-bacterial function of inflammatory PECs in vivo, however, NO production was decreased during bacterial infection of PECs.

中文翻译:

紫锥菊的酒精提取物在体外抑制巨噬细胞产生一氧化氮和肿瘤坏死因子-α。

已经表明紫锥菊在体内具有抗炎活性。一氧化氮 (NO)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α) 和白细胞介素-1β 是炎症反应的重要介质。E. angustifolia (EA)、E. pallida (EPA) 和 E. purpurea (EP) 的酒精提取物对 LPS 刺激的体外 RAW 264.7 巨噬细胞和鼠腹膜渗出液细胞 (PEC) 中这些炎症介质的产生的影响) 体内 进行了研究。由于巨噬细胞产生这些炎症介质以响应病原体感染,因此研究了巨噬细胞的平行培养物对肠道沙门氏菌的吞噬作用和细胞内杀灭作用。体外 EPA 和 EP 以剂量依赖性方式抑制 NO 产生和 TNF-α 释放。用 EA 或 EP 处理的 RAW 264.7 细胞在 24 小时内表现出降低的杀伤力,尽管EA增强了细菌吞噬作用。细菌感染后,RAW 264.7 细胞会产生高水平的 NO;然而,观察到紫锥菊介导的 NO 产生减少。紫锥菊醇提取物以每天 130 mg/kg 的剂量口服给药 7 天,对 LPS 刺激的 PEC 产生的 NO 产生和吞噬作用较弱。结果表明,所有紫锥菊物种在体外均显着降低了炎症介质,然而,只有 EA 和 EP 降低了细菌杀伤。口服紫锥菊醇提取物对体内炎症性 PECs 的发育和抗菌功能没有不利影响,但是,在 PECs 的细菌感染过程中,NO 的产生减少。观察到紫锥菊介导的 NO 产生减少。紫锥菊醇提取物以每天 130 mg/kg 的剂量口服给药 7 天,对 LPS 刺激的 PEC 产生的 NO 产生和吞噬作用较弱。结果表明,所有紫锥菊物种在体外均显着降低了炎症介质,然而,只有 EA 和 EP 降低了细菌杀伤。口服紫锥菊醇提取物对体内炎症性 PECs 的发育和抗菌功能没有不利影响,但是,在 PECs 的细菌感染过程中,NO 的产生减少。观察到紫锥菊介导的 NO 产生减少。紫锥菊醇提取物以每天 130 mg/kg 的剂量口服给药 7 天,对 LPS 刺激的 PEC 产生的 NO 产生和吞噬作用较弱。结果表明,所有紫锥菊物种在体外均显着降低了炎症介质,然而,只有 EA 和 EP 降低了细菌杀伤。口服紫锥菊醇提取物对体内炎症性 PECs 的发育和抗菌功能没有不利影响,但是,在 PECs 的细菌感染过程中,NO 的产生减少。结果表明,所有紫锥菊物种在体外均显着降低了炎症介质,然而,只有 EA 和 EP 降低了细菌杀伤。口服紫锥菊醇提取物对体内炎症性 PECs 的发育和抗菌功能没有不利影响,但是,在 PECs 的细菌感染过程中,NO 的产生减少。结果表明,所有紫锥菊物种在体外均显着降低了炎症介质,然而,只有 EA 和 EP 降低了细菌杀伤。口服紫锥菊醇提取物对体内炎症性 PECs 的发育和抗菌功能没有不利影响,但是,在 PECs 的细菌感染过程中,NO 的产生减少。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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