AMPA receptors (AMPAR) mediate the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs) have been identified as a novel family of proteins which act as auxiliary subunits of AMPARs to modulate AMPAR trafficking and function. The trafficking of AMPARs to regulate the number of receptors at the synapse plays a key role in various forms of synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). Expression of the prototypical TARP, stargazin/TARPgamma2, is ablated in the stargazer mutant mouse, an animal model of absence epilepsy and cerebellar ataxia. Studies on the stargazer mutant mouse have revealed that failure to express TARPgamma2 has widespread effects on the balance of expression of both excitatory (AMPAR) and inhibitory receptors (GABA(A) receptors, GABAR). The understanding of TARP function has implications for the future development of AMPAR potentiators, which have been shown to have therapeutic potential in both psychological and neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, depression and Parkinson's disease.

中文翻译：

---

跨膜 AMPA 受体调节蛋白 (TARPs) 在神经传递和受体运输中的作用（综述）。

AMPA 受体 (AMPAR) 介导中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中的大部分快速兴奋性神经传递。跨膜 AMPAR 调节蛋白 (TARPs) 已被鉴定为一个新的蛋白质家族，它们作为 AMPAR 的辅助亚基来调节 AMPAR 运输和功能。AMPAR 的贩运以调节突触中受体的数量在各种形式的突触可塑性中起着关键作用，包括长时程增强 (LTP) 和长时程抑制 (LTD)。原型 TARP、stargazin/TARPgamma2 的表达在 stargazer 突变小鼠、失神癫痫和小脑共济失调的动物模型中被消融。对观星者突变小鼠的研究表明，未能表达 TARPgamma2 对兴奋性 (AMPAR) 和抑制性受体 (GABA(A) 受体，GABAR) 的表达平衡具有广泛影响。对 TARP 功能的理解对 AMPAR 增强剂的未来发展具有影响，这些增强剂已被证明对精神分裂症、抑郁症和帕金森病等心理和神经系统疾病具有治疗潜力。