The deleterious effects of diabetes mellitus on the retinal, renal, cardiovascular, and peripheral nervous systems are widely acknowledged. Less attention has been given to the effect of diabetes on cognitive function. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been associated with reduced performance on numerous domains of cognitive function. The exact pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes is not completely understood, but it is likely that hyperglycemia, vascular disease, hypoglycemia, and insulin resistance play significant roles. Modalities to study the effect of diabetes on the brain have evolved over the years, including neurocognitive testing, evoked response potentials, and magnetic resonance imaging. Although much insightful research has examined cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes, more needs to be understood about the mechanisms and natural history of this complication in order to develop strategies for prevention and treatment.

中文翻译：

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认知功能障碍和糖尿病。

糖尿病对视网膜、肾脏、心血管和周围神经系统的有害影响已得到广泛认可。糖尿病对认知功能的影响较少受到关注。1 型和 2 型糖尿病都与许多认知功能领域的表现下降有关。糖尿病认知功能障碍的确切病理生理学尚不完全清楚，但高血糖、血管疾病、低血糖和胰岛素抵抗可能起着重要作用。多年来，研究糖尿病对大脑影响的方法不断发展，包括神经认知测试、诱发反应电位和磁共振成像。尽管许多有见地的研究已经检查了糖尿病患者的认知功能障碍，