BACKGROUND Sand fly saliva contains potent and complex pharmacologic molecules that are able to modulate the host's hemostatic, inflammatory, and immune systems. In this study, we evaluated the effects of salivary gland sonicate (SGS) of Lutzomyia intermedia, the natural vector of Leishmania braziliensis, on monocytes obtained from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy volunteers. We investigated the effects of sand fly saliva on cytokine production and surface molecule expression of LPS-stimulated human monocytes uninfected or infected with L. braziliensis. RESULTS Pre-treatment of non-infected human monocytes with L. intermedia SGS followed by LPS-stimulation led to a significant decrease in IL-10 production accompanied by a significant increase in CD86, CD80, and HLA-DR expression. Pre-treatment with SGS followed by LPS stimulation and L. braziliensis infection led to a significant increase in TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 production without significant alterations in co-stimulatory molecule expression. However, pre-treatment with L. intermedia SGS did not result in significant changes in the infection rate of human monocytes. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that L. intermedia saliva is able to modulate monocyte response, and, although this modulation is dissociated from enhanced infection with L. braziliensis, it may be associated with successful parasitism.

中文翻译：

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暴露于 Lutzomyia intermedia 唾液后对人类单核细胞的免疫调节。

背景沙蝇唾液包含能够调节宿主的止血、炎症和免疫系统的有效且复杂的药理学分子。在这项研究中，我们评估了巴西利什曼原虫的天然载体 Lutzomyia intermedia 的唾液腺超声 (SGS) 对从健康志愿者的外周血单核细胞 (PBMC) 中获得的单核细胞的影响。我们研究了白蛉唾液对 LPS 刺激的未感染或感染 L. braziliensis 的人类单核细胞的细胞因子产生和表面分子表达的影响。结果 用 L. intermedia SGS 预处理未感染的人类单核细胞，然后进行 LPS 刺激导致 IL-10 产生显着减少，同时 CD86、CD80 和 HLA-DR 表达显着增加。用 SGS 预处理，然后是 LPS 刺激和巴西乳杆菌感染导致 TNF-α、IL-6 和 IL-8 产生显着增加，而共刺激分子表达没有显着改变。然而，用 L. intermedia SGS 预处理并没有导致人类单核细胞感染率的显着变化。结论 我们的数据表明，中间乳杆菌唾液能够调节单核细胞反应，尽管这种调节与巴西乳杆菌的增强感染无关，但它可能与成功寄生有关。intermedia SGS 没有导致人类单核细胞的感染率发生显着变化。结论 我们的数据表明，中间乳杆菌唾液能够调节单核细胞反应，尽管这种调节与巴西乳杆菌的增强感染无关，但它可能与成功寄生有关。intermedia SGS 没有导致人类单核细胞的感染率发生显着变化。结论 我们的数据表明，中间乳杆菌唾液能够调节单核细胞反应，尽管这种调节与巴西乳杆菌的增强感染无关，但它可能与成功寄生有关。