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Pathogen reduction: a precautionary principle paradigm.
Transfusion Medicine Reviews ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2008-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2008.01.001
Harvey J Alter 1
Affiliation  

Although remarkable advances have been made in the prevention of the major transfusion-transmitted diseases, long intervals have transpired between the first recognition of transfusion risk and the implementation of a preventive strategy. For hepatitis B virus, that interval was 30 years; for non-A, non-B/hepatitis C virus, 15 years; and for human immunodeficiency virus, West Nile virus, Trypanosoma cruzi, and bacteria, 3, 4, 5, and 18 years, respectively. In our existing reactive approach, there is a fundamental and inevitable delay before we can react; and thus, infections are destined to occur. The continued emergence or reemergence of transfusion-transmitted infections calls for a new paradigm of preemptive pathogen reduction (PR). Two PR systems, psoralen/UV-A and riboflavin/UV-A, have shown efficacy and safety for platelets and plasma; and psoralen/UV-A technology has been successfully implemented for platelets in Europe. Pathogen reduction can eliminate or reduce the risk for any nucleic acid containing agent, including bacteria, and thus will be effective for all but prion diseases. It is possible to introduce PR for platelets and plasma now and to concentrate resources on developing PR for red cells. This will require an intellectual and financial commitment from the National Institutes of Health, the Food and Drug Administration, industry, and the blood bank establishment, just as occurred for nucleic acid testing (NAT) technology. This can be done if there is sufficient will to do it.

中文翻译:

病原体减少:预防原则范式。

尽管在预防主要输血传播疾病方面取得了显着进展,但从首次认识到输血风险到实施预防策略之间的间隔很长。对于乙肝病毒,这个间隔是 30 年;对于非甲型、非乙型/丙型肝炎病毒,15 年;对于人类免疫缺陷病毒、西尼罗河病毒、克氏锥虫和细菌,分别为 3、4、5 和 18 年。在我们现有的反应式方法中,在我们做出反应之前有一个基本且不可避免的延迟;因此,感染注定会发生。输血传播感染的持续出现或重新出现需要一种新的先发制人病原体减少 (PR) 范式。两种 PR 系统,补骨脂素/UV-A 和核黄素/UV-A,已显示出对血小板和血浆的有效性和安全性;补骨脂素/UV-A 技术已在欧洲成功应用于血小板。病原体减少可以消除任何含有核酸的病原体或降低其风险,包括细菌,因此对除朊病毒疾病外的所有疾病都有效。现在有可能为血小板和血浆引入 PR,并将资源集中在开发红细胞 PR 上。这将需要美国国立卫生研究院、食品和药物管理局、行业和血库机构的智力和财政承诺,就像核酸检测 (NAT) 技术一样。如果有足够的意愿去做,这是可以做到的。因此对除朊病毒疾病外的所有疾病都有效。现在有可能为血小板和血浆引入 PR,并将资源集中在开发红细胞 PR 上。这将需要美国国立卫生研究院、食品和药物管理局、行业和血库机构的智力和财政承诺,就像核酸检测 (NAT) 技术一样。如果有足够的意愿去做,这是可以做到的。因此对除朊病毒疾病外的所有疾病都有效。现在有可能为血小板和血浆引入 PR,并将资源集中在开发红细胞 PR 上。这将需要美国国立卫生研究院、食品和药物管理局、行业和血库机构的智力和财政承诺,就像核酸检测 (NAT) 技术一样。如果有足够的意愿去做,这是可以做到的。正如核酸检测(NAT)技术所发生的那样。如果有足够的意愿去做,这是可以做到的。正如核酸检测(NAT)技术所发生的那样。如果有足够的意愿去做,这是可以做到的。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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