Spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) as a Hebbian synaptic learning rule has been demonstrated in various neural circuits over a wide spectrum of species, from insects to humans. The dependence of synaptic modification on the order of pre- and postsynaptic spiking within a critical window of tens of milliseconds has profound functional implications. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the cellular mechanisms of STDP at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses and of the associated changes in neuronal excitability and synaptic integration. Beyond the basic asymmetric window, recent studies have also revealed several layers of complexity in STDP, including its dependence on dendritic location, the nonlinear integration of synaptic modification induced by complex spike trains, and the modulation of STDP by inhibitory and neuromodulatory inputs. Finally, the functional consequences of STDP have been examined directly in an increasing number of neural circuits in vivo.

中文翻译：

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尖峰时间依赖的可塑性：一个Hebbian学习规则。

穗定时依赖可塑性（STDP）作为Hebbian突触学习规则，已在从昆虫到人类的各种物种的各种神经回路中得到证明。在数十毫秒的临界窗口内，突触修饰对突触前和突触尖峰顺序的依赖性具有深远的功能含义。在过去的十年中，在理解STDP在兴奋性和抑制性突触的细胞机制以及神经元兴奋性和突触整合的相关变化方面取得了重大进展。除了基本的不对称窗口外，最近的研究还揭示了STDP的几层复杂性，包括其对树突位置的依赖性，复杂的尖峰序列诱导的突触修饰的非线性整合，以及抑制性和神经调节性输入对STDP的调节。最后，已经在越来越多的体内神经回路中直接检查了STDP的功能后果。