Phytochromes are red/far-red light photoreceptors that convert the information contained in external light into biological signals. The decoding process starts with the perception of red light, which occurs through photoisomerization of a chromophore located within the phytochrome, leading to structural changes that include the disruption of intramolecular interactions between the N- and C-terminal domains of the phytochrome. This disruption exposes surfaces required for interactions with other proteins. In contrast, the perception of far-red light reverses the photoisomerization, restores the intramolecular interaction, and closes the interacting surfaces. Light information represented by the concentration of opened interacting surfaces is converted into biological signals through the modulating activity of interacting proteins. This review summarizes plant phytochromes, phytochrome-interacting proteins, and signal transmission from phytochromes to their interacting proteins.

中文翻译：

---

植物光敏色素及其相互作用蛋白对光信号的解码

光敏色素是红/远红光光感受器，可将外部光中包含的信息转换为生物信号。解码过程始于对红光的感知，红光通过位于光敏色素内的发色团的光异构化发生，导致结构变化，包括光敏色素 N 端和 C 端域之间的分子内相互作用的破坏。这种破坏暴露了与其他蛋白质相互作用所需的表面。相比之下，远红光的感知逆转了光异构化，恢复了分子内相互作用，并关闭了相互作用的表面。由打开的相互作用表面的浓度表示的光信息通过相互作用蛋白质的调节活动转化为生物信号。