Seed dormancy provides a mechanism for plants to delay germination until conditions are optimal for survival of the next generation. Dormancy release is regulated by a combination of environmental and endogenous signals with both synergistic and competing effects. Molecular studies of dormancy have correlated changes in transcriptomes, proteomes, and hormone levels with dormancy states ranging from deep primary or secondary dormancy to varying degrees of release. The balance of abscisic acid (ABA):gibberellin (GA) levels and sensitivity is a major, but not the sole, regulator of dormancy status. ABA promotes dormancy induction and maintenance, whereas GA promotes progression from release through germination; environmental signals regulate this balance by modifying the expression of biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes. Mediators of environmental and hormonal response include both positive and negative regulators, many of which are feedback-regulated to enhance or attenuate the response. The net result is a slightly heterogeneous response, thereby providing more temporal options for successful germination.

中文翻译：

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种子休眠的分子方面

种子休眠为植物提供了一种机制，可以延迟发芽，直到条件适合下一代生存。休眠释放受具有协同和竞争效应的环境和内源性信号的组合调节。休眠的分子研究将转录组、蛋白质组和激素水平的变化与从深度初级或次级休眠到不同程度的释放的休眠状态相关联。脱落酸 (ABA):赤霉素 (GA) 水平和敏感性的平衡是休眠状态的主要调节器，但不是唯一调节器。ABA 促进休眠诱导和维持，而 GA 促进从释放到萌发的进程；环境信号通过改变生物合成和分解代谢酶的表达来调节这种平衡。环境和荷尔蒙反应的介质包括正调节器和负调节器，其中许多受反馈调节以增强或减弱反应。最终结果是一个稍微异质的反应，从而为成功的发芽提供了更多的时间选择。