Trichomes and root hairs differentiate from epidermal cells in the aerial tissues and roots, respectively. Because trichomes and root hairs are easily accessible, particularly in the model plant Arabidopsis, their development has become a well-studied model of cell differentiation and growth. Molecular genetic analyses using Arabidopsis mutants have demonstrated that the differentiation of trichomes and root hair/hairless cells is regulated by similar molecular mechanisms. Transcriptional complexes regulate differentiation into trichome cells and root hairless cells, and formation of the transcriptional complexes is inhibited in neighboring cells. Control of cell growth after fate determination has also been analyzed using Arabidopsis mutants. The progression of endoreduplication cycles, reorientation of microtubules, and organization of the actin cytoskeleton play important roles in trichome growth. Various cellular components such as ion channels, the actin cytoskeleton, microtubules and cell wall materials, and intracellular signal transduction act to establish and maintain root hair tip growth.

中文翻译：

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毛状体和根毛发育的遗传调控网络

毛状体和根毛分别与气生组织和根中的表皮细胞分化。由于毛状体和根毛很容易获得，特别是在模式植物拟南芥中，它们的发育已成为细胞分化和生长的充分研究模型。使用拟南芥突变体进行的分子遗传分析表明，毛状体和根毛/无毛细胞的分化受类似分子机制的调控。转录复合物调节向毛状体细胞和根无毛细胞的分化，并且转录复合物的形成在邻近细胞中受到抑制。还使用拟南芥突变体分析了命运确定后细胞生长的控制。核内复制循环的进展，微管的重新定向，肌动蛋白细胞骨架的结构和组织在毛状体生长中起着重要作用。各种细胞成分，如离子通道、肌动蛋白细胞骨架、微管和细胞壁材料，以及细胞内信号转导，都起到建立和维持根毛尖生长的作用。