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Spatial modelling using a new class of nonstationary covariance functions
Environmetrics ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2006-01-01 , DOI: 10.1002/env.785
Christopher J Paciorek 1 , Mark J Schervish
Affiliation  

We introduce a new class of nonstationary covariance functions for spatial modelling. Nonstationary covariance functions allow the model to adapt to spatial surfaces whose variability changes with location. The class includes a nonstationary version of the Matérn stationary covariance, in which the differentiability of the spatial surface is controlled by a parameter, freeing one from fixing the differentiability in advance. The class allows one to knit together local covariance parameters into a valid global nonstationary covariance, regardless of how the local covariance structure is estimated. We employ this new nonstationary covariance in a fully Bayesian model in which the unknown spatial process has a Gaussian process (GP) prior distribution with a nonstationary covariance function from the class. We model the nonstationary structure in a computationally efficient way that creates nearly stationary local behavior and for which stationarity is a special case. We also suggest non-Bayesian approaches to nonstationary kriging.To assess the method, we use real climate data to compare the Bayesian nonstationary GP model with a Bayesian stationary GP model, various standard spatial smoothing approaches, and nonstationary models that can adapt to function heterogeneity. The GP models outperform the competitors, but while the nonstationary GP gives qualitatively more sensible results, it shows little advantage over the stationary GP on held-out data, illustrating the difficulty in fitting complicated spatial data.

中文翻译:

使用一类新的非平稳协方差函数进行空间建模

我们为空间建模引入了一类新的非平稳协方差函数。非平稳协方差函数允许模型适应变异性随位置变化的空间表面。该类包括 Matérn 平稳协方差的非平稳版本,其中空间表面的可微性由一个参数控制,使人们无需预先固定可微性。该类允许将局部协方差参数组合成有效的全局非平稳协方差,而不管局部协方差结构是如何估计的。我们在完全贝叶斯模型中采用了这种新的非平稳协方差,其中未知空间过程具有高斯过程 (GP) 先验分布,并且具有来自类的非平稳协方差函数。我们以计算效率高的方式对非平稳结构进行建模,该方式创建近乎平稳的局部行为,并且平稳性是一种特殊情况。我们还建议对非平稳克里金法使用非贝叶斯方法。为了评估该方法,我们使用真实气候数据将贝叶斯非平稳 GP 模型与贝叶斯平稳 GP 模型、各种标准空间平滑方法以及可以适应函数异质性的非平稳模型进行比较. GP 模型优于竞争对手,但虽然非平稳 GP 给出了定性更合理的结果,但它在保留数据上比固定 GP 几乎没有优势,这说明了拟合复杂空间数据的困难。我们还建议对非平稳克里金法使用非贝叶斯方法。为了评估该方法,我们使用真实气候数据将贝叶斯非平稳 GP 模型与贝叶斯平稳 GP 模型、各种标准空间平滑方法以及可以适应函数异质性的非平稳模型进行比较. GP 模型优于竞争对手,但虽然非平稳 GP 给出了定性更合理的结果,但它在保留数据上比固定 GP 几乎没有优势,这说明了拟合复杂空间数据的困难。我们还建议对非平稳克里金法使用非贝叶斯方法。为了评估该方法,我们使用真实气候数据将贝叶斯非平稳 GP 模型与贝叶斯平稳 GP 模型、各种标准空间平滑方法以及可以适应函数异质性的非平稳模型进行比较. GP 模型优于竞争对手,但虽然非平稳 GP 给出了定性更合理的结果,但它在保留数据上比固定 GP 几乎没有优势,这说明了拟合复杂空间数据的困难。
更新日期:2006-01-01
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