Previous work in the endocrine and neuroendocrine fields has viewed the androgen receptor (AR) as a transcription factor activated by testosterone or one of its many metabolites. The bound AR acts as transcription regulatory element by binding to specific DNA response elements in target gene promoters, causing activation or repression of transcription and subsequently protein synthesis. Over the past two decades evidence at the cellular and organismal level has accumulated to implicate rapid responses to androgens, dependent or independent of the AR. Androgen's rapid time course of action; its effects in the absence or inhibition of the cellular machinery necessary for transcription/translation; and in the absence of translocation to the nucleus suggest a method of androgen action not initially dependent on genomic mechanisms (i.e. non-genomic in nature). In the present paper, the non-genomic effects of androgens are reviewed, along with a discussion of the possible role non-genomic androgen actions have on animal physiology and behavior.

中文翻译：

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雄激素的非基因组作用

内分泌和神经内分泌领域的先前工作已将雄激素受体 (AR) 视为由睾酮或其众多代谢物之一激活的转录因子。结合的 AR 通过与靶基因启动子中的特定 DNA 反应元件结合，作为转录调控元件，引起转录的激活或抑制以及随后的蛋白质合成。在过去的二十年中，细胞和生物体水平的证据表明对雄激素的快速反应，依赖或不依赖于 AR。雄激素的快速时间过程；它在缺乏或抑制转录/翻译所需的细胞机制中的作用；并且在没有易位到细胞核的情况下表明雄激素作用的方法最初不依赖于基因组机制（即 本质上是非基因组的）。在本论文中，回顾了雄激素的非基因组效应，并讨论了非基因组雄激素作用对动物生理和行为的可能作用。