Two experiments examined the dynamics of lexical activation in spoken-word recognition. In both, the key materials were pairs of onset-matched picturable nouns varying in frequency. Pictures associated with these words, plus two distractor pictures were displayed. A gating task, in which participants identified the picture associated with gradually lengthening fragments of spoken words, examined the availability of discriminating cues in the speech waveforms for these pairs. There was a clear frequency bias in participants' responses to short, ambiguous fragments, followed by a temporal window in which discriminating information gradually became available. A visual-world experiment examined speech contingent eye-movements. Fixation analyses suggested that frequency influences lexical competition well beyond the point in the speech signal at which the spoken word has been fully discriminated from its competitor (as identified using gating). Taken together, these data support models in which the processing dynamics of lexical activation are a limiting factor on recognition speed, over and above the temporal unfolding of the speech signal.

中文翻译：

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歧义消解的时间动态：来自口语单词识别的证据


两项实验研究了口语单词识别中词汇激活的动态。在这两个例子中，关键材料都是频率不同、起始匹配的可想象名词对。显示了与这些词相关的图片，以及两张分散注意力的图片。在门控任务中，参与者识别与逐渐延长的口语片段相关的图片，并检查这些对的语音波形中区分线索的可用性。参与者对简短、模糊的片段的反应存在明显的频率偏差，随后是一个时间窗口，在这个时间窗口中，区分性信息逐渐变得可用。视觉世界实验检查了言语相关的眼球运动。固视分析表明，频率对词汇竞争的影响远远超出了语音信号中所说的单词与其竞争者完全区分的点（如使用门控所识别的）。总而言之，这些数据支持模型，其中词汇激活的处理动态是识别速度的限制因素，超出了语音信号的时间展开。